Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting. hypocotyls. On June 5, 2003, the Species at Risk Act (SARA) was proclaimed. and B.L. Almost all of this wetland loss would post-date 1837 (three Black Ash generations in the past; when Upper Canada had a human population of 397,489 vs. 2.5 million in 1911 after farming settlement of the Great Lakes Plains was largely complete; Statistics Canada 2017a,b). Curator (Vascular Plants); Research Scientist, University of Michigan Research Museums Center, Ann Arbor, MI. 1932. Dynamics of surviving ash (Fraxinus spp.) McLaren, B., C. McCarthy, and S. Mahoney. Schopmeyer, C.S. Telephone correspondence with C.S. Gonzalez-Meler. 2006. 2015. 2014 Emerald Ash Borer National Research and Technology Development Meeting. 213(1):15-24. Browse selection by beaver: effects on riparian forest composition. Lees, J.C.W., and R.C. Kashian, D.M., 2016. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee. Provincial or local scale threats are: 1) logging and wood harvesting, 2) wood and pulp plantations, 3) land conversion for agriculture, renewable energy, industrial, or residential purposes; 4) dieback of unknown causes; 5) severe browsing by dense populations of introduced deer and Moose; and 6) targeted harvesting for firewood and traditional uses. Blaney, C.S. Both black and green ash varieties grow to 60 feet (18 meters) tall. comm. NA-PR-02-04. 2014). Wilson. In: Parker, B.C. Ash decline due to Emerald Ash Borer is therefore considered one of the foremost threats to this species at risk (Environment Canada 2013). Occurrence: Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador. Biological Conservation. Telephone correspondence with C.S. The impact of Moose (Alces alces andersoni) on forest regeneration following a severe spruce budworm outbreak in the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia, Canada. Wilson, M.A. 239:13-20. Black Ash has a good seed bank and regenerates well; it is shade tolerant and prefers wet areas in habitats where fire is much less frequent. McKinney, M.L., R. Schoch, and L. Yonavjak. comm. Some consider the two to be geographic isolates of each other. Wetlands 37: 787–799. Environment Canada. 220 pp. Many other smaller affected areas occur elsewhere in southern Ontario (Figure 4). September 26 to 27, 2005. p. 22. Population dynamics of Fraxinus nigra in response flood-level variations, in northwestern Québec. Haight, D.G. Journal of Vegetation Science. In general, a warming climate would be expected to move climate zones northward and enhance northward survival of a presumed climate-limited insect such as EAB (Dukes et al. 2016. Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting. This could compound over three generations (180 years) to more than 11% population loss. 64:531-540. In a fashionable and stylish black ash colour, the Montreal laminate will have the appealing and consistent array of natural colours. 23 pp. Natural regeneration after logging of Black Ash stands in central Minnesota. Molecular studies have provided convincing evidence that the fungus originated in eastern Asia (Zhao et al. Springer-Verlag, NY. Dodds, D.G. 320 pp. In Nova Scotia, a number of recent records have been reported through Environmental Assessment processes associated with road expansion in Nova Scotia. Influence of host stress on emerald ash borer (Coleoptera:Buprestidae) adult density, development, and distribution in Fraxinus pennsylvanica trees. iv + 23 pp. Bulmer. The small flowers lack petals and sepals and appear in crowded clusters prior to leaf out. Process‐based modeling of species' distributions: what limits temperate tree species' range boundaries?. Executive Director and Senior Scientist, Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville NB. 1988. Kashian (2016) also found a lower total rate of stem mortality (58%) in his stands than had been reported elsewhere in Michigan and Ohio. Black Ash readily sprouts from adventitious buds on root crowns, roots and stumps (Erdmann et al. Résultats d’inventaire et carte écoforestière. It arose from the need for a single, official, scientifically sound, national listing of wildlife species at risk. Kornelson, J., and C. Hamel. Managing Black Ash in the Lake States. 2017). 2010. Potential species replacements for Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) at the confluence of two threats: Emerald ash borer and a changing climate. Specimens collected as recently as 1974 document occurrences in riparian forest along the lower sections of Rivière aux Saumons and the Rivière Vauréal (Canadensys 2016), but Anticosti Island botanist Danièle Morin knows only of single trees on Rivière aux Saumons and Rivière Observation (Tremblay pers. (2008) investigated the genetic diversity of Black Ash from three sites in Nova Scotia, six sites in New Brunswick and adjacent Quebec and one in Manitoba (average 13 trees per site; 4.7 seeds per tree sampled across all sites). Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown WV. EAB is an ash-dependent species that can complete its life cycle in all native Canadian ash species, but Black Ash appears to be the most susceptible of all North American hosts (Smith et al. Jones, and K. Wainio-Keizer. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Atlantic Conservation Data Centre (David Mazerolle, Sean Blaney) and Donna Hurlburt for writing the status report on Black Ash, Fraxinus nigra, prepared under contract with Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2012. 1992. It is frequent on finer alluvial and peat and muck soils but is also documented on clayey loam, fine sands underlain by sandy till, and sands and loams underlain by lake-washed clayey till (as summarized in Gucker 2005). 1964. Even over a long period (60 years – one generation), habitat loss at the current rate seems unlikely to compound to a level exceeding 15% nationally. 2006. However, the insulating capacity of snow cover and bark mean that temperatures experienced by overwintering EAB larvae are frequently 2°C to 5°C warmer than the surrounding air temperature (DeSantis et al. Bill No. Bergerud, A.T., and F. Manuel. Areas with Black Ash that might be affected by renewable energy development are trivial in relation to the national range. It has been important for barrel hoops, chair seats, snowshoe frames and canoe ribs, and remains significant for use in First Nations basketry. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. American Geophysical Union. Even without additional management, the high-density planting of conifer seedlings in cut-over areas could impact Black Ash regeneration through competition. 1973. Assessing the potential for ash canopy tree replacement via current regeneration following emerald ash borer-caused mortality on southeastern Michigan landscapes, Mi’kmaq Confederacy of Prince Edward Island, Restoration and Conservation of Black Ash Trees in the Northern Appalachian/Acadian Eco-region of Canada, The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings, Identification, transmission, and partial characterization of a previously undescribed flexivirus causing a mosaic disease of ash (, Psyllid Attack on North Dakota Black Ash Resource (PDF), Résultats d’inventaire et carte écoforestière, Forest-Upland Deciduous (Hardwood) (i.e., maple-basswood) (PDF), The State of Canada’s Forests: Annual Report 2013 (PDF), The State of Canada’s Forests: Annual Report 2014 (PDF), The State of Canada’s Forests: Annual Report 2015 (PDF), Bill No. 2015. Total cumulative area experiencing moderate to severe mortality was 235,595 ha as of 2016, including 4,688 ha added in 2016 (Rowlinson 2017; Figure 4). Published work is limited to two main studies each of a limited geographic scale, described below. 269:26-30. obs. Black Ash occurrence data. 273:25-49. Studies indicate that healthy Black Ash can generally tolerate heavy browsing (Aldous 1952; Erdmann et al. Bauer, and R.G. Black Ash seeds are, however, well adapted for dispersal by water and wind, with dispersal on a scale of kilometres likely regular (see Dispersal and Migration). ISSN 2153 733X. This would be similar to Chalara Dieback in Europe and Butternut Canker in North America (Nair et al. 2012). Note: Many thousands of subpopulations in Canada. Journal of Vegetation Science. COSEWIC ATK Subcommittee. The biology of Emerald Ash Borer is discussed under Threats. It is a seedless form with bright yellow fall foliage that is retained relatively late (Santamour and McArdle 1983). Meeker, J.E., I.E. Pest alert: emerald ash borer. 38-58. Black Ash occurs from western Newfoundland to southeastern Manitoba and north-central North Dakota, ranging southward to Iowa, Illinois, Virginia and Delaware (Figure 3; Wright and Rauscher 1990; Kartesz 2015; FIA 2016; NatureServe 2017). Using heterogeneity and representation of ecosite criteria to select forest reserves in an intensively managed industrial forest. Psyllopsis discrepans Flor: cottony psyllid. Lee. There is little documentation of the phenomenon in Canada, but it may be associated with poor tree health and growth observed in the Maritimes described above, and the proximity of dieback in New York and Maine to the international border suggests that it could be occurring in adjacent Ontario and Quebec. Establishment of Spathius agrili has not been recorded in northern areas, thus for American sites above 40 degrees latitude, it was replaced by the larval parasitoid Spathius galinae of the Russian Far East in 2015. 2007. Bolton, J.W. Black ash grows only in colder areas like USDA hardiness zones 2 through 6, while green ash has a much wider range, USDA zones 3 through 9. Donna has participated on several COSEWIC Subcommittees, including the Arthropods and Vascular Plants Specialist Subcommittees and was an appointed member of COSEWIC. Pomerleau, R. 1944. Marchant, T.R. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 72 pp. Martin, A.C., H.S. and mice (Peromyscus and other genera), in addition to beaver and Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatus), will feed on ash samaras, as do many birds including Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus), Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) and songbirds including Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), chickadees (Poecile atricapillus, P. carolinensis), Purple Finch (Haemorhous purpureus) and Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) (Martin et al. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Blue Ash Fraxinus quadrangulata in Canada. 125: 237–248. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station. In: 19th Australasian Weeds Conference - Science, Community and Food Security: the Weed Challenge. The Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, provides full administrative and financial support to the COSEWIC Secretariat. 80(5):468-475. Biol. 2010. Smitley. Herms, D.A., W. Klooster, K.S. Duan, J.J., L.S. NC-261. 2012. The small wind-pollinated flowers of Black Ash emerge in late May to early June, concurrently with or just before leaf emergence (Wright 1953; Wright and Rauscher 1990; Benedict and David 2003). 2017a. 2017. 2011, 2012). 41:133-142. 2013) could ultimately occur (Wagner and Todd 2015). DOI: 10.2307/1943542. Buck, J., G. Parra, D. Lance, R. Reardon, and D. Binion (Eds.). U.S. October 31 to November 1. October 15 to 56, 2014. p. 38. Mazerolle, concerning forest inventory data in Nova Scotia. 2013), meaning that if it were introduced, effects could be severe. Theses and Dissertations – Entomology. 1995. 60. It is a versatile non-selective synthetic herbicide that kills plants by inhibiting amino acid production (Dill et al. The data sources behind the occurrence dataset compiled for this report are listed under Search Effort. Floristic Synthesis of North America, Version 1.0. Hill-Forde (2004) reported significant inter-annual variability in dieback in Nova Scotia subpopulations, with a 30% decrease in affected trees between 2001 and 2002. McCullough, D.G., and N.W. Fire and succession in the conifer forests of northern North America. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Thunder Bay ON. In North America, it affects both Black Ash and Manchurian Ash (F. mandshurica), as well as hybrid cultivars of the two species (Mason undated). VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. Hurley. Current horticultural and ecological/cultural restoration plantings by First Nations (i.e. 1987). Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting. Benedict 2011; Kershner 2015; Julien 2017) and others continue to influence distribution today. Threat impact = Unknown. Paper 21. November 11, 2016. 15:371-383. Ecosystem Management Ecologist, Newfoundland Department of Fisheries & Land Resources, Corner Brook, NL. Aside from some uncertainties about the northern margin of the range (see Canadian Range), the above dataset outlines Black Ash range in Canada fairly well but is highly incomplete relative to the actual occurrence on the ground (Blaney and Mazerolle pers. 1975. Drenkhan et al. [accessed January 2017]. 70:2294-2302. Powell, G., and T. Beardmore. Johnston, C.A., and R.J. Naiman. 2014. [accessed September 2017]. Interspecific hybrids involving Black Ash and planted Black Ash outside the native range are not considered part of the population under assessment in this report (COSEWIC 2010). Prasad, A.M., L.R. Climatic Limitation of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Impacts on Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) in Canada. Haack, R.A., E. Jendak, L. Houping, K.R. 2008. Since 1965, Nova Scotia’s permanent sample plots have been revisited on a five year rotation, allowing tracking of individual trees and some indication of population trends. 151-154. Bacles et al. Landscape Ecology 21: 509–524. General Technical Report SRS-158. 79:1678-1690. Even in large, healthy trees mortality can occur within three years, with modelling based on field observation suggesting 50% stand mortality after four years (Knight et al. Forests. In a five-year study (2010 to 2014) of 17 small, nearly pure stands of Red Ash near Detroit, Michigan, Kashian (2016) observed regeneration, including recruitment into the canopy, despite a well-established population of EAB. 1989. Fax: 819-938-3984 In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium. Statistics Canada. Hamel, P.B., and M.U. Sork, V., and P. Smouse. Species at Risk Biologist, Species at Risk Conservation Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough ON. Her Ph.D. on Soapweed (Yucca glauca) – yucca moth mutualisms in southeast Alberta was followed by an NSERC Industrial Post-doctoral Fellowship with Abitibi-Bowater in Nova Scotia on forestry regulations in treed peatlands. Web site: COSEWIC. 1971. Harvesting such sites with heavy equipment is often not practical because of the wet conditions. First year seedlings may reach a height of over 15 cm (Erdmann et al. [accessed January 2017]. Ecosystems. Ducks Unlimited. A prominent symptom of unhealthy Black Ash in the region is heavily curled leaves (Figure 8; Blaney and Mazerolle pers. These hybrids and the ‘Fallgold’ cultivar were developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada at Morden, Manitoba (Ronald 1976) and in 2001 each received United States patents, with the patent applications stating that the hybrids produce limited and non-viable seed (Google Patents 2017a, b). 2017b. The virus may be one of several causal factors contributing to general Black Ash dieback in that state and elsewhere. Scientific Name: Fraxinus nigra Marshall Sakai, A., and W. Larcher. Eggert, A.W. 2008. Smith, C., K. Beazley, P. Duinker, and K.A. Four are moderately to highly threatened (the sphinx moths Ceratomia undulosa and Sphinx kalmiae [Sphingidae], and the weevils Lignyodes bischoffi and Lignyodes helvolus [Curculionidae]). 4(2):100-103. 2017. Effects of climate on emerald ash borer mortality and the potential for ash survival in North America. Black Ash is tolerant of a wide range of pH conditions, from 4.4 to 8.2 (Godman and Mattson 1976) but is generally more abundant in moderately to strongly alkaline and nutrient-rich soils (Heinselman 1970; Hosie 1979; Brand 1985; Kurmis et al. 2017). 2015. D’Amato, B.J. Criterion A (Decline in Total Number of Mature Individuals): Meets Endangered, A3ce+4ce, as declines are projected to be over 50%. Populations in North Dakota mark the westernmost distribution. Wiley, NY. Black Ash range extends farther north than any other ash and approximately 51% of the species’ global range is within Canada. APG (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). Gramercy Publishing Company, NY. 1992. Dugdale, T.M., T.D. March 2017. xii + 48 pp. [accessed May 2016]. Maine Forest Service, Insect and Disease Management Division, Augusta, Maine. Journal of Biogeography 18: 7-12. Their study required seed, but they found a limited number of seed-bearing trees in Nova Scotia (one tree in Kejimkujik National Park, one tree from the adjacent Caledonia area, 12 trees from Oxford 180 km northwest), and therefore their inference of genetic structure in Nova Scotia subpopulations is limited. Carmean, W.H. 2011. Common names are from state and federal lists. Viable seed density in an infested stand decreased from 500,000 per ha in 2005 when 42% of ash trees had died, to 130,000 per ha in 2006 when 77% of trees had died, to 0 in 2007 (Klooster et al. 59:13-30. Tremblay, J.-P. pers. Pellerin, S. pers. Web site: Ontario - Forestry [accessed December 2010]. 2007; Kovacs et al. 9(5):250. Québec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec QC. Wright, J.W., and M.H. Threat impact = Medium. 2015; Duan et al. Email communication by Mary Sabine to Neil Jones (COSEWIC Scientific Project Officer & Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge Coordinator), provided to Sean Blaney. Erdmann et al. Davis, M.B., K.D. 1999). [accessed January 2017]. Because Black Ash is still common over most of its extensive Canadian range, there are clearly many thousands of undocumented occurrences and hundreds or more documented occurrences from various herbaria, local plant lists or personal observations that were not compiled for this report. It is considered data sensitive in Nova Scotia by Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources. Ottawa ON. Could phenotypic plasticity limit an invasive species? 2014). Marchant, and H.J. This invasive species was first detected in Canada (Windsor, Ontario) in 2002 and has since expanded its range as far west as Winnipeg, Manitoba, and east to Bedford, Nova Scotia. Forest Inventory and Analysis 2010 to 2015 survey plot data. 1996. 2017. Kuntz. Petrice, and R.A. Haack. 17-18. The Journal of Wildlife Management. Harlow, W.M., and E.S. 1987. Commonly, the largest trees reach a height of 18 to 21 m (60 to 70 ft). 2017). 2013. No subspecific taxonomy is currently recognized for Black Ash. 2006; Palik et al. 2018. 2013). Landscape Ecology. 2006. 2011. 2014. (2008) found that the projected extinction rate (defined as percent reduction of range over time) was highest for Black Ash, by a significant margin, among the 16 North American tree species assessed (Morin et al. Section menu. 1991. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 61:107-125. Checklist of Cultivars of North American Ash (Fraxinus) Species. Food utilization of snowshoe hares on Mantitoulin Island, Ontario. Blaney, concerning the distribution, abundance and status of Black Ash in Ontario and Quebec. Labrecque.] Resurrected from the ashes: a historical reconstruction of emerald ash borer dynamics through dendrochronological analyses. The Range Marshal was very patient with first timers, and willing to share his experience and knowledge of the weapons used. Canadian Journal of Botany 77(12):1744-1755. It was inadvertently introduced to the Detroit, Michigan – Windsor, Ontario area in the 1990s, where it was first recognized in both Canada and the U.S.A. in 2002 (Haack et al. obs. Conserv. Carte présentant les zones où l’agrile du frêne a causé un déclin et un taux de mortalité modérés à graves de frênes dans le sud de l’Ontario pendant deux périodes : de 2004 à 2015 et en 2016. Cappaert, D., D.G. Mazerolle), Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville NB. A treatment in which Manchurian Ash was considered a subspecies of Black Ash (as Fraxinus nigra ssp. Recruitment limited by fire (seedlings not fire resistant) (Batzer and Baldwin 2012) "Black ash is easily damaged by fire and can be killed or top-killed by severe fire but it probably sprouts from the root crown following such damage. In Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, where Black Ash is tracked as a naturally uncommon to rare species, occurrence data have been more systematically compiled and represent a greater proportion of actual occurrences. 2010; City of Saskatoon 2013; Percy 2014; City of Calgary 2017; City of Edmonton 2017; Mason undated). 2007). 1987; Tardif and Bergeron 1992, 1999; Denneler et al. 2015 to 2010 Newfoundland and Labrador Moose Management Plan. 1928. Though uncommon and sparsely scattered near the margins of its range, its distribution is relatively continuous within the Atlantic and Great Lakes Plains National Ecological Areas and into the Boreal National Ecological Area. 2008. Based solely on observed rates of spread, all Canadian Black Ash could be affected within one generation (60 years). Dale Simpson, Manager, National Tree Seed Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Fredericton NB. [accessed January 2017]. 7 pp. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay ON. comm. 2013). 657 pp. Quebec Legislature. Silverborg, and P.D. COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada). Long, J. Rebbeck, A. Smith, K. Gandhi, and D.A. Plant Physiology. Genetic variability and inheritance of nuclear microsatellite markers in Minnesota’s Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) and Green Ash (F. pennsylvanica) with recommendations for the optimal seed sample size from individual trees (PDF). Herms, and R.P. 2017. Stoney Point First Nation. 1999 to 2017; Oldham pers. Heinselman, M.L. NA-PR-02-04. 1974. 1951; Dickerson 2002, 2006; Wagner and Todd 2015). Ecology. Targeted harvesting of Black Ash for barrel making may have been locally significant in the past (Hill-Forde 2004) and harvest for basketry, canoe ribs, snowshoe framing, firewood and other uses still occurs but is not believed to be significantly affecting populations at a national scale. This is not a major factor across the Canadian range. You will not receive a reply. Ecological Monographs. Map illustrating the spatial extent of industrial disturbance within the range of the Black Ash in Canada. The Mi'kmaq in CEPI (2006) attribute the decline of Black Ash around the Bras d'Or Lakes in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia to climate change because it alters germination conditions. 2014. Threats that scored “Negligible” in the Threats Calculator are not listed here, but are discussed underThreats. Ecological Monographs. Van Driesche, and J.R. Gould. 2016. 25:1865-1875. Although some Nova Scotia Black Ash has been used in basketry, Nova Scotia Mi’kmaq are known to have brought materials in from Quebec, New Brunswick and Maine over the last 50 years (MacPhail pers. 2016. 11:145-182. Within Canada, Black Ash occurs from western Newfoundland in the east to southeastern Manitoba in the west (Figure 3). An accomplished field botanist, he has over fifteen years’ experience working on various research, survey and monitoring projects and has authored and coauthored a large number of technical reports pertaining to rare plants in Atlantic Canada as well as numerous national and provincial species at risk status reports. Black Ash is commonly heavily browsed by White-tailed deer (Erdmann et al. Am Eiskeller 8, 51766 Engelskirchen +49 (0)2263 4879 359 info@goofash.com SHOP USDA Forest Service. 2002. The same study identifies another 30 arthropods that are only associated with one or two host species in addition to ash. Committee on the Status of Endangered Species in Canada, Instructions for the Preparation of COSEWIC Status Reports, Notice sur l’Île Anticosti par Jules Despecher, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (PDF), Hybrid ash tree named ‘Northern Treasure’, Genetic variability and inheritance of nuclear microsatellite markers in Minnesota’s Black Ash (, Change over time in the abundance and distribution of Black Ash in Nova Scotia: Effects of Mi'kmaq traditional use, and recommendations for the best germination technique for province-wide replanting programs (PDF), Mi’kmaw Conservation Group: Black Ash and Native Tree Education and Restoration. Baral, K. Hosaka, and M. Kakishima. Forest Pathology. Thompson, D.G., and D. Pitt. 2016. 2017. Native Plants Journal. COSEWIC comprises members from each provincial and territorial government wildlife agency, four federal entities (Canadian Wildlife Service, Parks Canada Agency, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Federal Biodiversity Information Partnership, chaired by the Canadian Museum of Nature), three non-government science members and the co-chairs of the species specialist subcommittees and the Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge subcommittee. Part 5. Although it can grow on a variety of substrates in its preferred habitat, most of the known Canadian population occurs on the bark of Black Ash and Red Ash trees (COSEWIC 2015b). She found between two and 42 alleles per marker, with mean observed heterozygosity of 0.405 to 0.903 across the markers. Wickware. Journal of Ethnobiology. 1968. 2010). Black Ash. Unpublished data, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Forestry Division, Truro, NS. Forests. 16:859-873. 1987; USDA NRCS 2006), especially following fire, browsing or cutting (Gucker 2005). Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2017); Quebec: Timber volume data (MFFPQ 2018) converted using a ratio of number of individuals over 10 cm diameter to volume derived from 181,932 Quebec forestry plots. The extent to which these fungi affect Black Ash in Canada is not known but could be more significant in subpopulations where health has already declined due to biotic or abiotic factors. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. Publishers, ON. Black Ash occurs from western Newfoundland to southeastern Manitoba and north-central North Dakota, ranging southward to Iowa, Illinois, Virginia, and Delaware. 2016). 115:151-161. October 16, 2006. pp. - White Spruce stands on Isle Royale, Michigan, Hansen et al. Seeds are capable of germinating in leaf litter or in soil depths of up to 2 cm (Erdmann et al. By virtue of its occurrence as a dominant or co-dominant tree, Black Ash is an important source of food and shelter for wildlife. Online map. This finding from a randomized survey covering only 0.019% of the landscape5 strongly suggests that Black Ash was much more abundant in 1958 than it is today. 9:271-276. Family: Oleaceae (Olive Family) During spring freshet and other high-water events, samaras would be carried downstream over considerable distances. [accessed May 2016]. Donovan, G.H., D.T. 2010. Reclassification of the Butternut canker fungus, Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, into the genus Ophiognomonia. Lewis. Hodkinson, I.D. Brad Toms, Wildlife Biologist, Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute, Caledonia NS. An exploration of on-reserve forest management capacity and forest certification interest in First Nations communities across Canada. Available in three stunning real wood veneers Cherry and Black Ash The Rega RX-ONE loudspeaker system delivers balance, detail and dynamics thanks to a unique handmade set of Rega designed drivers and crossovers.The newly developed DX-125 bass mid-range driver (using a doped paper cone) is at the heart of the RX range and combines perfectly with the Rega ZRR high frequency … McCullough. Rural and Urban Population Changes for Ontario since 1851. Black Ash reaches its northern limit in western Ontario near 53ºN, and its southern limit near 36.6ºN in southwestern Virginia (about 1700 km north to south), and it occurs between 56ºW in Newfoundland and 100ºW in North Dakota (about 3000 km east to west). Allan Harris, Biologist, Principal, Northern Bioscience Ecological Consulting, Thunder Bay ON. Description. Blaney, S., J. Churchill, R. DeSantis, and D. Gormanson. 2007. 44 pp. 206:4-11. The 151,434 m3 estimated total volume (roughly 285,000 trees, vastly greater than would be present today) would thus represent 29.31 m3 of observed volume, or about 55 mature trees (0.13 m average diameter x 10 m log length). Map outlining the global range of the Black Ash in Canada and the United States; symbols indicate occurrence records within Canada. [accessed January 2017]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations. Plants Used by the Great Lakes Ojibwa. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 2017). Tardif, J., and Y. Bergeron. May 2016. (Ed). 8 pp. 40(8):250‐259. obs. 2014; Telander et al. Map 90-01. Ash is generally regarded as a high quality firewood (Alden 1994) and would be targeted as such in private woodlots throughout the species’ range, particularly where it occurs in more accessible upland forest habitats. Stewart, H.A., and J.E. Forest Succession: Concepts and Applications. nigra (Marshall) Weston The disease now called Chalara Dieback was first noted in Poland in the 1990s and has rapidly spread to most eastern, central and northern European countries, decimating populations of European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior; Pautasso et al. Distribution, impact and rate of spread of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the Moscow region of Russia. [accessed January 2017]. Steve Young, Chief Botanist, New York Natural Heritage Program, Albany NY. (Beavers eating Black Ash would be considered in category 8.2, if it were considered a threat, which it is not. Diversity and Distributions. Although seedlings require periods free of prolonged flooding to establish, vegetative sprouting can occur regardless and ensure regeneration (Tardif and Bergeron 1992, 1999). 1981. Alpha-numeric codes: Meets criteria for Endangered, A3ce+4ce, based on predicted areas of susceptibility, but designated Threatened, A3ce+4ce, due to factors including effectiveness of Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) bio-controls and EAB winter survivability, that may reduce mortality over the projected period. Source water contributions and hydrologic responses to simulated emerald ash borer infestations in depressional black ash wetlands. Range map for Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) PLEASE NOTE: A coloured Province or State means this species occurs somewhere in that Province/State. 2018. Find Cuprinol Garden Shades - Black Ash - 2.5L at Homebase. National Tree Seed Centre seed lot database and Forest Insect and Disease Survey database. European Journal of Forest Research. 2014). Climate change-induced range shifts were also studied by Morin et al. DOI: 10.1002/eco.1862. 261, 480– 488. Géographie floristique du Québec Labrador. Environment Canada, Ottawa. Phytoplasma Resource Center. Potential for natural recovery after these levels of mortality was initially believed to be very low (but note evidence of potential for recovery below). Smith, H.H. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-240. 2006. 2015. MFFPQ (Ministère des forêts, de la faune et des parcs du Québec). Meyer. Proceedings of the Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting. Flooded Jellyskin is mainly found in calcareous forested vernal ponds fringed by flood-tolerant trees. 2008. 1976. This was completed by the recovery team in 2015 (Hurlburt 2015). Speck, F.G., and R.W. Ryall, K. 2017. comm. comm. McCullough. Herms, K.S. 1999 to 2017). 2006. Carolina ash also prefers those hardiness zones but likes swampy areas. Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service. 2012. Professionally deep cleaned hasn’t been used since. Academic Press, San Diego CA. All forestry impacts are dealt with under 5.3 Logging and wood harvesting. Poland. In such cases, some restrictions on the use, reproduction or communication of such copyrighted work may apply and it may be necessary to seek permission from rights holders prior to use, reproduction or communication of these works. Kliejunas, K.M. 2010. Mark V. Brown, District Forester, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Sparta IL. 23(7):1388-1395. Mercury range 1100 ASH BLACK. Hermann, Paris. Total number of mature individuals is 162 million. Maw, H.E.L., R.G. ), an M.Sc. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington DC. Susceptibility of selected Asian, European, and North American ash species to Emerald ash borer: preliminary results of no-choice bioassays. 16(4):401-409. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper NC-123. MacLean, R.G. Biologist, Principal, Northern Bioscience Ecological Consulting, Thunder Bay ON. A compounding effect of climate change on EAB invasion could be particularly significant in Canada, especially in the northern portion of Black Ash’s range, where low winter temperatures may currently limit the beetle’s northward spread (see Threats - Emerald Ash Borer). Black Ash is common over most of its Canadian range, with occurrences sparser at the western, northern and eastern peripheries. Kurmis, V., and J.H. 2012; Wagner and Todd 2015). Mason, P. undated. 209 pp. Brill. [accessed May 2016. In much of that area, Black Ash is common enough that it would occur in a high proportion of 2 km x 2 km boxes covered by the range (see, for example, the southern margin of northern Ontario in Figure 3). Forest insect and disease surveys carried out by the Canadian Forest Service detected Ash Rust on Black Ash individuals in southern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec (CFS 2016). Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, NB and the Confederacy of Mainland Mi’kmaq, Millbrook, NS. 2018. 104:118-124. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. Impacts of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) induced ash (Fraxinus spp.) Fontenot, B. Sangunett, and B. Hannon. Crow, R.M. Rare Plant Botanist, Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort KY. Liu, H.P., L.S. Reznicek, A.A. 2016. (2018) analyzed the proportion of the Canadian population of Black Ash that might be protected from EAB by cold climate. comm. American Forests, Washington D.C. 76 pp. Watkins, L. pers. Journal of Forestry. Nair, V.M.G., C.J. Environmental indices for common Michigan trees and shrubs. pers. Godman, R.M., and G.A. Edmonton AB. 2017; Tremblay pers. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Currently, there are no usable Black Ash trees at Akwesasne. Based on two International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenarios for 2100, their modelling predicts that over the course of this century, Black Ash will see extirpation over 97.8% of its global range (including the US, Atlantic Canada, southern Ontario and southern Quebec), a decreased probability of occurrence within over half of its remaining range, and a very modest range expansion to the north and northeast (although the current northern range limit used in their model was underestimated). 178:120-128. Black Ash leaves have more calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, and ash than many other hardwoods (Reiners and Reiners 1970), which may relate to association with alkalinity. Robert Lavallée, Research Scientist, Forest Pest Management, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC. comm. Botanist, Ministère du développement durable, de l’environnement et de la lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec QC. 2011. Great Lakes Entomologist. Villari, C., J.G.A. 2010; Herms and McCullough 2014). J. Blaney, concerning the distribution, abundance and status of Black Ash in Ontario and Quebec. IUCN – CMP (International Union for the Conservation of Nature – Conservation Measures Partnership). First report of Rust Disease caused by Puccinia sparganioides on Spartina alterniflora in Louisiana. Glyphosate: discovery, development, applications, and properties. Specimen database. obs. 1986. Herms, R. Plumb, E. Sawyer, and D. Spalink. 20:1036-1043. 2010. In southwestern-most Ontario, especially from Windsor to London, ash mortality is very high (Rowlinson pers. Effects of beech bark disease on the growth of American beech (Fagus grandifolia). Some minor cattle grazing in riparian areas that harbour Black Ash, trivial at a national scale. 2012. (Agriculture) (Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, N.S. Herms. 100(5):1577-1586. Entomol. 1972. US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Faced with limited natural predation, Moose colonized the entire island by the late 1940s (Pimlott 1959; Caines and Deichmann 1989) and are now likely significantly affecting Black Ash population and recruitment. in Biology (Acadia University, Wolfville, NS) and a Ph.D. in Environmental Biology and Ecology (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB). Populations peaked in the 1950s and late 1990s (estimated peak of ~150,000 individuals), with the most recent estimate being 112,000 individuals (NLDEC 2015). Current rates compound to an area of about 47.6% of Black Ash's Canadian Range over three generations. Drought was considered but not scored. 40(4):687-702. wiskoq (Mi’kmaq) (First Nations Forestry Program 2006), EAB has also become well established around Montréal (first detected in 2011) and mortality in that region is becoming locally severe (Lavallée pers. and B.H. Black Ash is a broad-leaved hardwood tree in the Olive family, growing to 15 to 20 m in height and 30 to 50 cm in diameter. Difficulties in detecting the bacterial agent and limited research mean its range and prevalence in Canada are poorly known. APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service). Forest Pathology. Fruits of tree species such as American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) are known to be carried by water across the Great Lakes (Davis et al. Bacles, C.F., A.J. Matsuoka, S.M., C.M. Shop this WOMEN Style "Black The Range Layered Turtleneck Top Forward USA" at our Partnershop "Forward USA" with GOOFASH! Cottony Ash Psyllid, Psyllopsis discrepans (Flor) (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Executive Director and Senior Scientist (C.S. Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; syn: A. marcopoli Obenberger, A. marcopoli ulmi Kurosawa, A. ferestrius Obenberger), henceforth referred to as EAB, is an Asian wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. What additional limiting factors are relevant? Dynesius, M., and C. Nilsson. Steinbauer, G.P. Eos Transactions. Determinants of seed removal distance by scatter-hoarding rodents in deciduous forests. Univ. Blaney, concerning the status of Black Ash in Kentucky. 2013. Roughly 680 km of border from Manitoba to Lake Superior, 110 km along the St. Marys River and Munuscong Lake between Lakes Superior and Huron, 100 km along the St. Clair River between Lakes Huron and Erie (though EAB has likely eliminated most Black Ash here), 50 km along the Niagara River between Lakes Erie and Ontario, 180 km along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston to Cornwall, 37 km along Halls Stream between Quebec and New Hampshire, 120 km along the St. John River in northwest New Brunswick and 200 km along the St. Croix River system in southwest New Brunswick. Ash leaf rust fact sheet. The Range, Elsie Margaret House, William Prance Road, Plymouth, PL6 5ZD Registered No. Much of the provincial range coincides with the presence of underlying Ordovician, Devonian and Carboniferous bedrock with high pH (Colman-Sadd et al. 1974. Google Patents. 2018) occur over much of the Manitoba range, but this would still represent well below 1% of the Canadian total. Introduction of biological control agents began in Ontario and Quebec in 2015. Email correspondence with D.M. The widespread mortality and local extinction of Black Ash could therefore have significant impact on local biota, forest structure, hydrology and other core ecological attributes of Black Ash bottomlands and swamps (Lenhart et al. Taylor, R.A.J., T.M. Forest Ecology and Management. Hutchinson, R.E. 2012. Van Driesche (Ed.). Elevation tolerance is not widely reported for Black Ash, but occurrence from sea level is known in the northern parts of Black Ash range, and it is restricted to elevations above 610 m at the southern range edge (Wright and Rauscher 1990; AC CDC 2017). comm. BenDor, T.K., S.S. Metcalf, L.E. 2005. Steve Felt, District Forester, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Rock Island IL. Taylor, S.M. Pap. 2000 to 2016; AC CDC 2017). Kurmis, V, S.L. 2018. 1983. 2007. 91(3):291-298. 2016. In 1978, COSEWIC designated its first species and produced its first list of Canadian species at risk. The same undetermined disease or insect affecting Black Ash in Atlantic Canada could also be a contributing factor. Lowe and R.A. Ennos. 2011). Similar patterns of curled leaves and crown dieback have been observed in Newfoundland (Humber pers. Plant Pathology. Smith, H.H. Artificial flooding has been and continues to be a significant influence on Aboriginal traditional uses of Black Ash, because most Aboriginal communities are located at or near waterways and historically the most readily accessible and transportable stands of Black Ash would have been found along waterways (Ballard pers. Gun Range. It is not known if Ash Rust is causing meaningful decline in the Canadian range, and it has not been observed to be significantly contributing to the low vigour observed in southeastern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island subpopulations (Blaney and Mazerolle pers. In: Lance, D., J. Buck, D. Binion, R. Reardon and V. Mastro (Eds.). Nantel, P. pers. Factors affecting the survival of ash (Fraxinus spp.) Rowlinson, D. 2017. 46:135-150. Email correspondence with C.S. The Relationship Between Trees and Human Health Evidence from the Spread of the Emerald Ash Borer. Figures 9 and 10 (from Global Forest Watch 2010, 2013) indicate the extensive cumulative impacts of forest harvesting within the range of Black Ash, showing that even if population effects were small at a local scale they may be impacting a substantial portion of the Canadian population over time. 2003. Phytopathology. Recent Black Ash records from these areas tend to be European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior; Blaney and Mazerolle pers. Frequently associated tree species in the more northern parts of its range, where it is commonly in mixed deciduous-conifer or conifer-dominated swamps, include Black Spruce (Picea mariana), Tamarack (Larix laricina), Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), Speckled Alder (Alnus incana ssp. Across all their samples, and as is typical for wind-pollinated trees with relatively high rates of gene flow among subpopulations, they found weak evidence of genetic variation among subpopulations, with just 3.6% of the total genetic diversity resulting from differentiation between the sites. Marie ON. Daniel Brunton, Botanist and Zoologist, Brunton Consulting, Ottawa ON. Black Ash may be especially limited by short growing seasons because it is one of the last tree species to leaf out and the first to lose its leaves (Ahlgren 1957). Black Ash is predominantly a wetland species of swamps, floodplains and fens. US Department of Agriculture. 171 pp. Mi’kmaq basket makers agree that Black Ash is rare in Nova Scotia but could not recollect any discussions with elders suggesting that the species has declined over time (Meuse and Labrador pers. Black Ash wood is highly flexible and readily separates into thin strips, making it useful in applications requiring bending. Host resistance of five Fraxinus species to Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and effects of paclobutrazol and fertilization. 2006; Siegert et al. Plamondon. Ottawa ON. Chris Friesen, Coordinator, Manitoba Conservation Data Centre, Manitoba Department of Sustainable Development, Winnipeg MB. The impact of Emerald Ash Borer on forests within the Huron River watershed. October 2014. p. 30. Presently, Moose occupy all ecoregions on the island at densities commonly exceeding 4/km2, the highest known in North America (McLaren et al. How to identify and manage ash yellows in forest stands and home landscapes. comm. arundinaca) (Palik et al. 2014b). Black Ash currently has a global status rank of G5 (Secure). 47(1-4):29-37. Criterion B (Small Distribution Range and Decline or Fluctuation): Does not meet criteria. Since beginning with the AC CDC in 1999, he has discovered dozens of new provincial records for vascular plants and documented over 15,000 rare plant occurrences during extensive fieldwork across the Maritimes. Young trees above about 7 cm diameter develop bark with rounded, soft, corky ridges that are easily depressed or rubbed off. Elias, T.S. Smith, H.H. 2016. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 2005; Maw et al. Long. 2011. 2008. Knight, K.S., R.A. Ford, D.A. Pedlar, K. Lawrence, P. Papadopol, K. Campbell, M.F. Biology and Control of Emerald Ash Borer. Plant Fact Sheet (PDF). 2nd Edition. 2017. 1997. Black Ash also provides important habitat for Flooded Jellyskin (Leptogium rivulare), a cyanolichen last assessed as Special Concern by COSEWIC (COSEWIC 2015b), but as of 2017 still listed as Threatened under the Species at Risk Act, and Canadian Sphinx (Sphinx canadensis), a hawk moth exclusively dependent upon Black Ash as a larval food plant in Canada (see Interspecific Interactions). The Canadian Forestry Service's National Forest Health and Biodiversity Database has catalogued over 30 species of insects, fungi and diseases which have affected Black Ash in Atlantic Canada. Ronald, W.G. 2012). In: Buck, J., G. Parra, D. Lance, R. Reardon and D. Binion (Eds.). ): Local Ecological Knowledge of Site Characteristics and Morphology Associated with Basket-Grade Specimens in New England (USA). Black Ash extends across three COSEWIC National Ecological Areas (Boreal, Great Lakes Plains, Atlantic) but distribution is relatively continuous within its range, and there are no recognized subspecific taxa of Black Ash. The Hawk Moths of North America: A Natural History Study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. 1973), or wind storms (Arévalo et al. obs. Herms D.A., D.G. 982 pp. Life table analysis shows that observed rates of T. planipennisi parasitism on EAB larvae reduce the EAB population growth rate in small to medium-sized trees (Duan et al. 2005; Herms and McCullough 2014). Sutherland, E.K., B.J. Shorebird large - Ash black metallic antall Kjøp Varenummer: 101243 Kategorier: Dekor , Normann Copenhagen , Nyheter Stikkord: dansk design , Normann copenhagen Hartzler, R. Long, and J. Almendinger. Of these species, six are highly threatened by ash decline (the leaf-mining moth Caloptilia fraxinella [Gracillariidae], the sawfly Eupareophora parca [Tenthredinidae], the owlet moths Papaipema furcata and Sympistis chionanthi [Noctuidae], the snout moth Palpita magniferalis [Pyralidae], and the aphid Prociphilus fraxinifolii [Aphididae]). Adventitious shoot regeneration and rooting procedures have also been developed (Beasley and Pijut 2010). Good mast production occurs at irregular intervals of one to eight years (Bonner 1974; Godman and Mattson 1976; Erdmann et al. Simpson et al. University of Minnesota. Brunton, D., pers. Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions, 5th Ed. Smart, and R.E. Reason for designation: Approximately 51% of the global range of this tree is found in Canada. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. Melissa B. Youngquist, M.B., S.L. Seeds ripen from late August to September and are dispersed by wind and water from October to the following spring. Benedict, M.A., and L.E. For. Journal of Ecology. The Book of Trees. Defining species guilds in the central hardwood forest, USA. March 22 2017. Ten additional Black Ash-associated arthropods have been identified by Wagner and Todd (2015) as being moderately to highly threatened by ash decline. Trees in Canada. Washington, DC. 2016). In this report, the term “ash dieback” refers to ash declines not known to be directly related to insect damage or disease, though those factors, along with climate change, may be significant contributors to the dieback. Breeding strategies for the development of emerald ash borer resistant—North American ash. The extent that might affect rate of EAB spread, especially when combined with potentially more marginal climatic conditions for EAB as it moves northward, is unclear. Wagenbrenner, R.K. Kolka, and T.G. 2005. Map outlining extreme minimum annual Emerald Ash Borer-experienced air temperature zones within Black Ash range in Canada (based on historical to 2012 climate station records). Flooding from hydroelectric dams is another relatively significant factor that has reduced Black Ash habitat in the past two to three generations, given the species’ association with floodplains and shorelines. comm. Hoffman, W.J. 4:327-525. Minnesota’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Dieback-related Black Ash losses have been documented over 50,000 ha in Maine (75% of the state’s elm - ash - Red Maple forest), 43,000 ha in New York and 11,000 ha in Minnesota (Ward et al. [received from Stephen Clayden, herbarium curator, in May 2016], NLDEC (Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation). Gandhi, L.C. 266:4. in Biology (Botany Minor) from the University of Guelph and an M.Sc. Ecological factors associated with maple blight. Reproduction and productivity of Newfoundland moose. [accessed May 2016]. Resulting population declines are likely greater than the proportion of habitat lost because of the higher proportion of habitat loss in the Great Lakes Plains, where the calcareous soils likely supported a higher density of Black Ash. 57:166-173. Not all wetlands in southern Ontario would have contained Black Ash historically, but there is no reason to believe that wetlands containing Black Ash would have been less affected by the above loss than other wetlands. Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, representing most of the Canadian range of Black Ash, collectively have 455 large dams (≥15 m in height) built for hydroelectric power generation, water supply, or other uses (Lee et al. Lewis. 1990). Kostichka, and J.E. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Extension Notes. February 2, 2017. Change over time in the abundance and distribution of Black Ash in Nova Scotia: Effects of Mi'kmaq traditional use, and recommendations for the best germination technique for province-wide replanting programs (PDF). Herms, and P. Bonello. Web site: http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ tce.2015.18. 1951. [accessed December 2016], NatureServe. obs. 133(5):769-781. Beyond the browse line: complex cascade effects mediated by white-tailed deer. Likely climate change effects over the short and long term remain poorly understood. 10930 Deerfield Rd., Cincinnati, OH 45242 513.322.5070. Blaney, C.S., and D.M. Web site: Restoration and Conservation of Black Ash Trees in the Northern Appalachian/Acadian Eco-region of Canada [accessed January 2017]. 2013). 2000). Baskets are woven using thin flexible wood splints, which are produced by pounding a log with mallets until its annual growth rings separate (Benedict and David 2003). 33. We do make a small profit on each item sold. Establishment and abundance of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Michigan: potential for success in classical biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The soil seed bank is rapidly depleted if mature trees are completely lost. comm. Forest Analyst, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Emerald Ash Borer – Latest Information. Thompson, I.D., and W.J. 2005. Disturbance includes forestry, infrastructure, mines, reservoirs, agriculture, and human settlement. 910 pp. Klooster, W.S., D.A. The opposite, pinnately-compound leaves are 15 to 30 cm, with seven to 11 leaflets. 255:3489-3493. Climate Change 2014 - Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Regional Aspects. Energy and nutrient dynamics of forest floors in three Minnesota forests. (Eds.). Ecological Economics. Forest Program Pathologist, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. 2017b. 2007. It occurs throughout southwestern Ontario from the Toronto area south and west, is extensively established in the Ottawa and Montréal regions, and is widely known from other parts of Ontario (Figures 4 and 5). Zogg, G.P., and V.B. Black Ash has a significant ecological, ethnobotanical and cultural importance. Professional botanist, Ottawa ON. Spread at 30 to 40 km / year was documented from 2009 to 2013 around Moscow, Russia, which was speculated to be partly caused by vehicle-assisted movement of beetles on highway corridors (Straw et al. 2005. This effect may explain ash mortality caused by EAB establishment at Winnipeg, Manitoba and Thunder Bay and Sault Ste. There is little published on long-term impacts of industrial forestry on Black Ash populations. The autecology of major tree species in the north central region of Ontario. 2004). Emerald Ash Borer is known from eight of these sites: Bruce Peninsula, Georgian Bay Islands, Niagara National Historic Sites, Point Pelee, Rideau Canal National Historic Site, Rouge National Urban Park, Thousand Islands, and Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site (Nantel pers. 1978. Enns, A. pers. 44:139 –145. Matthews, and M. Peters. comm. Tardif, J., and Y. Bergeron. David Mazerolle holds an undergraduate degree in Biology and a Master’s degree in Environmental Studies from the Université de Moncton, where he studied the biogeography of exotic vegetation in relation to habitat and disturbance regimes, producing an exotic invasive vegetation management strategy for Kouchibouguac National Park, on New Brunswick’s eastern shore. Email correspondence with D.M. Journal of Wildlife Management. Cover illustration/photo: Sean Blaney and David Mazerolle. Although about 80.2% of Nova Scotia’s forest is less than 80 years old (586 of 2959 permanent sample plots in 2011 to 2015; NS DNR 2017), most of which would have regenerated from land cut over since 1958, there is no indication from elsewhere in the range of Black Ash that forestry alone would be likely to cause major population declines and range contraction (see Threats – Forestry). 1997. 2000. xii + 95 pp. Areas with Black Ash that might be affected by oil and gas extraction are trivial in relation to the national range. Other historical losses from large and small dams would be extensive but not relevant to the score here looking into the future. Beauchamp. 2010. Seeds exhibit deep physiological dormancy, with embryos that are immature when the seed is shed. [received from Douglas Bopp, Geographer, US Department of Agriculture – Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, in May 2016]. ATK from Akwesasne suggests that dumping in Black Ash habitat is an issue (http://www.americanindian.si.edu/environment/pdf/transcripts/01_04_Akwesasne_Mohawk_Challenge.pdf). Forest health monitoring evaluation: brown ash (Fraxinus nigra) in Maine. 1994. Anne Frances, Lead Botanist, NatureServe, Washington DC. Crosthwaite, J.C., S. Sobek, D.B. Honegger, D. Farmer, D. Wright, and E.A. Email correspondence with C.S. Douglas Bopp, Geographer, GIS Support Northeast Area, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service / United States Department of Agriculture, Brighton MI. Observations of intensive browsing significantly impacting the vigour of sapling Black Ash are known in Gros Morne National Park (Wentzell pers. May 2016. This may be due to the leaf damaging effects of Cottony Ash Psyllid (, ATK makes some general statements about pollution contributing to the decline of Black ash p://www.americanindian.si.edu/environment/pdf/transcripts/01_04_Akwesasne_Mohawk_Challenge.pdf), Herbicides from forestry were considered but scored above under forestry 2.1. Biological Invasions. Iverson, M.P. Blaney, concerning the distribution, abundance and status of Black Ash on Anticosti Island, QC. Krajicek. Plant Disease. 2015. COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada). 2016b (draft). 798 pp. [accessed May 2018], CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency). Historical wetland losses are estimated to be about 70% in southern Ontario (mostly from agriculture, at least initially) but current and expected future rates of loss to agricultural conversion are believed to be low. 2000. The beetle has spread rapidly since its establishment in Canada in the Windsor, Ontario area. Forest Health Alert: Emerald Ash Borer. McCullough D.G., N.F. Unama'ki Institute of Natural Resources, Eskasoni, Nova Scotia. [accessed January 2017]. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). Global ForestWatch Canada, 2012, Year of Sustainable Energy for All #2. In Nova Scotia, the species’ range appears to have declined since 1958 (see Threats – Unidentified Disease or Insect) and it is not known from much of the southern and eastern regions where strongly acidic soils predominate. Black Ash is a moderately shade-tolerant, mid- to late-successional tree that commonly constitutes a climax species in poorly drained soils (Gucker 2005). Global Change Biology 19: 1645–1661. Pimlott, D.H. 1959. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Evaluation and Standards Section, Forests Branch. 1987), where the flood tolerance of Black Ash offers a competitive advantage over more common species that are faster growing or more tolerant of nutrient-limitation, fire or other stresses (Erdman et al. An unnamed cultivar developed in Minnesota and patented in the United States in 1975, and the cultivars ‘Crispa’ and ‘Cucullata’ developed in the 1800s in Europe (Santamour and McArdle 1983) are not available commercially. The Black Ash Sportsman, Inc., by its Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws, is an organization created by sportsmen and sportswomen to promote hunting, fishing, competitive target shooting, outdoor recreation and to provide for the protection of our natural resources. The biology and phenology of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis. There are no specific reports of Black Ash movement from the United States into Canada. Peters, J.M. 4:1-174. It is also fire-sensitive and may be top-killed by even moderate-severity fires (Heinselman 1981; Grimm 1984). The winged single-seeded samaras mature from July to September or October and are dispersed from early fall throughout the winter until early spring (Schopmeyer 1974; Erdmann et al.
Mishimoto Electric Fan Wiring, Cloud Computing Overview, Bayesian Regression With Missing Data, Rise And Development Of Capitalism, Why Does My Gooseberry Bush Not Fruit, Swiss Bank Account Opening, Hooked Rugs To Make, Jigglypuff Frame Data Melee, Pabda Fish Breeding, Construction Paper Font,