The other kind of investigations concerned species containing steroidal sapogenins, of which diosgenin is of special pharmaceutical importance. Johansson M, Kronestedt-Robards EC, Robards AW. A potential plasmid-curing agent, 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate, from. Bitter Compounds in Tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 22(2): 332-334. Wilkin P. Dioscoreaceae of South-Central Africa. Comparative micromorphological study of wild and micropropagated, China Humanity Technology Publishing House, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Naphthalene acetic acid had been reported to inhibit root elongation in a wide range of concentrations from 0.01 µmol/L to 1 µmol/L[32]. The only exception is D. bulbifera, which, although if has stems twining to the left and globose tuber and forms bulbils, was not found to contain sapogenins. The primary fea-tures that can help in distinguishing the species include the nature of periderm, presence or absence of pericyclic Studies have verified that D. bulbifera is effective in treating a wide range of diseases, such as pharyngitis, goitre, pyogenic skin infections, orchitis and cancer. Previous workers have reported that phytochemicals including saponins, polyphenols and mucilage are the likely active components of Dioscorea species[35]–[37]. Opening of stomata accounted for larger average stomata sizes of (7.68±0.38) µm and (6.14±0.46) µm on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively of the micropropagated plant compared to the wild. Herein we report the promises of Dioscorea bulbifera and its bioactive principle, diosgenin as novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. preussii Pax,D. The most remarkable distinctive features of the taxa studied are: the presence of large fruits and raceme inflorescences inD. However, we can only conserve what we know hence the need to be sure that what is propagated in vitro is the same plant in the wild. Kevers C, Franck T, Strasser RJ, Dommes J, Gaspar T. Hyperhydricity of micropropagated shoots; a typically stress-induced change of physiological state. NAA, an auxin, can effectively induce shoot emergence when combined with an adenine derivative (BAP). The plants are usually climbers, with tubers or rhizomes at the base. Shah GL, Gopal BV. Morphology and the ability to form microtuber were also found to be unaltered in cryopreserved embryo-derived plantlets. Similarly, MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.5-1.0 mg/L) was reported as the best concentration for multiple shoot bud induction in Dioscorea opposita. Dioscorea bulbifera (comúnmente conocido como la patata aire, ñame aire, ñame aérea, ñame amargo, ñame descarado, ñame papa y ñame chirivía) es una especie de la verdadera ñame en el ñame familia, Dioscoreaceae.Es originaria de África, Asia y el norte de Australia. V. Biology of Dioscorea bulbifera ... Taxonomy and morphology The genus Dioscorea, published in 1753 by Linnaeus (Genera Plantarum), was named after the Greek physician Pedinios Dioscorides, who was a medical officer in the Roman army at the time Many species of Dioscorea are native to the Old World tropics and warm-temperature regions, some to tropical America. It is suggested that there are two cotyledons in Dioscorea bulbifera L., D. praehensilis Benth., D. odoratissima Pax., D. hirtiflora Benth., D. preussii Pax., one of which remains in the seed as an absorptive organ. Umeshkumar MD, Vilas ND, Diniesh MS. Natural gums and mucilage's in NDDS: applications and recent approaches. SRG/FP/2010/4A). (1981) in rhizomes of the Chinese D. zingiberensis. Phytotax. According to Kaul and Staba (1968), diosgenin is obtained commercially, principally from the tubers of D. composita, D. floribunda, D. tepinapensis, D. prazeri, D. deltoidea, D. sylvatica and D. belizensis. Study of the hepatotoxicity induced by, Gao H, Wu L, Kuroyanagi M. Seven compounds from, Wang JM, Ji LL, Branford-White CJ, Wang ZY, Shen KK, Liu H, et al. Dioscorea bulbifera is a vigorously twining, long-stemmed perennial vine with non-spiny stems to 20 m or more in length, freely branching above; internodes round or slightly angled in cross section and they twine counter-clockwise. The family Dioscoreaceae is a very important amylaceous food source found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. A: Multiple root formation with single elongated shoot; B: Bud break with single leaf (no shoot and root formation). Routinely, 10-15 mL each of molten medium was dispensed into sterile (20×150) mm culture tubes. Pl. Climate Top of page. Abstract. Better diosgenin production may also be achieved by addition of mycelia of some fungal species to the culture, a technique that seems be very promising. In recent years great advances in research on the Dioscorea species have been observed. Dioscorea bulbifera. Dioscorea bulbifera is also called Air potato it belongs to yam species. Post‐Graduate Programe in Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, , 23890‐000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. 600 species and is divisible into numerous sections according to stem twining, leaf morphology, inflorescences, seed wings, bulbil formation, tuber morphology and chemical content. The abaxial and adaxial surfaces were carefully mounted on a clean glass slides and dehydrated by graded series 50%, 70%, 80% and 100% ethyl alcohol and later stained with safaranin O for 2 min; excess stain was removed by adding few drops of 70% ethyl alcohol. INTRODUCTION Tropical root and tuber crops are a subsidiary staple to over 20% of the world’s population occupying an important position after cereals and grain legumes (Orkwor et al., 1998). Dioscorea bulbifera L., Sp. sativa Prain. The highest root proliferation was obtained from Murashige Skoog medium of 6-benzylamino purine (0.05 mg/L) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.01 mg/L) with mean root length of (27.00±1.25) mm and elongated single shoot of mean length (38.00±11.09) mm. The tubers are given the name yams. Johansson et al. Numerous studies which have been carried out on Dioscorea species in laboratories interested in medicinal plants prompted the question as how to obtain diosgenin without cultivation of the plants in the field or how to regenerate them to provide a large number of plants. Bulbils and leaves of D. bulbifera were collected in November, 2011 from the field at Alabata village in Moniya, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. The quality of shoots and overall growth response in terms of average shoot length and number of leaves was best in this combination in which an average number of leaves (3.00±0.31), average number of shoots (1.33±0.17), average shoot length (53.33±3.50) mm and average root length (25.00±10.61) mm were recorded. Eight weeks old callus and profuse whitish callus. However, the present anatomical studies of the foliar epidermises of D. bulbifera revealed not only anomocytic stomata type but anisocytic. Diaz MS, Palacio L, Figueroa AC, Goleniwski ME. Dioscorea bulbifera, also known as air potato, has been cultivated as food crop mainly in tropical countries in Asia and Australia. Biochemical investigations of D. floribunda following gamma irradiations were studied by Gupta et al. Similarly, explants with single node were excised from underground bulbil (12 weeks old) sprouting after dormancy break but kept indoor away from light source (the sun). Through the acute toxicity of various extracts including the EtOAc fraction (EF) and the non-EtOAc fraction (Non-EF) from ethanol, and the ethanol itself, we found that the EF contains the toxic ingredients of D. bulbifera rhizome. Ninety-five percent of Dioscoreaceae species belong to the genus Dioscorea, commonly known as yam (77). Estudio etnobotánico de la papa de aire Distinguishing Characteristics. Dioscorea alata (ñame), D. rotundata, D. esculenta, D. trifida y D. bulbifera (2). Singh IP, Parthasarathy VA, Handique PJ. are presented. The surface-decontaminated explants were trimmed on the edges and cut to the required length (1.0-1.5 cm) before vertically in Murashige Skoog (MS) medium-filled culture tubes (one explant per tube)[24]. (D. bulbifera) belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae assigned to the order Dioscorales.It is commonly called air potato, air yam or bulbil-bearing yam. This plant was introduced to the United States … MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.2 mg/mL)+cysteine (20 mg/L) cysteine showed significant response of nodal segments of D. bulbifera with more than 80% growth response in which bud break was achieved within 2 weeks (Figure 3A and and3B).3B). Leaves of the wild and micropropagated plants were studied microscopically. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. According to Fowler (1984), the steroids derived from diosgenin are among the ten most often prescribed medicines of plant origin. 9 RAGHUNADAN K, JOLLY C, 1987 Starch from Dioscorea bulbifera. The epidermal peel was rinsed (5×) to remove concentrated nitric acid and thereafter cleared with soft Carmel hair brush to dissociate tissue remains from the surfaces. The root tubers are usually absent or insignificant. In view of the biological and medicinal importance of D. bulbifera, and the report of its near extinction in southeast region of Nigeria, the present study was designed to compare qualitative and quantitative micro-morphological characteristics of the wild and micropropagated plants which may be employed for correcting crude drug identification. They also contain the poisonous alkaloid dioscorine, and therefore may be eaten only when boiled or roasted. Jimenez-Montero M, Aguilar-Martínez A. Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Family: Dioscoreaceae) commonly known as ‘air potato’ is an important edible medicinal plant use to treat a wide range of diseases. In this study, we explored the cascade working mechanisms of time-dependent hepatotoxicity induced by total saponins e … This work was financially supported by University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant (Grant No. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. The stems range from thin (1-milli- The storage protein of the aerial tuber of Dioscorea bulbifera was purified and its physicochemical, enzymatic and molecular properties determined with a view to comparing its functionality and genetic relatedness with other storage proteins. Earlier workers reported shoot regeneration of 42%-75% in Dioscorea rotundata when cultured in MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 µmol/L)+BAP (0.20 µmol/L) and shoot plantlet regeneration of 60%-82% obtained in media made of NAA (0.05 µmol/L)+BAP (0.20 µmol/L) or BAP (0.46 µmol/L)+kinetin (0.50 µmol/L) in Dioscorea alata[29]. As with many species within the genus Dioscorea, D. bulbifera does not support its own weight to any great height and in order to capture sunlight, this species has evolved to climb by twining on other plants (Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2008). Comparison of growth responses to auxin 1-naphthalene acetic acid and the ethylene precussor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in maize seedling root. Clockwise twinning direction was reported in D. bulbifera and measures up to 12 m[2]. Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Family: Dioscoreaceae) commonly known as ‘air potato’ is an important edible medicinal plant use to treat a wide range of diseases. The observation of whitish callus at the nodal base of D. bulbifera with resultant effect in suppression of shoot growth may be attributed to the presence of NAA at 1.0 mg/L in the MS media. Phytochemistry 20:1569-1571. Growth responses of micropropagated D. bulbifera were observed on Murashige Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (1.0 mg/L)+α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.2 mg/L)+cysteine (20 mg/L) using nodal segments as explants. Healthy nodal segments from the green house and underground bulbil grown indoor. Dioscorea cayenensis has anisocytic stomata, with a percent-age frequency value of 100. Dioscorea bulbifera is a serious invader of various ecosystems in Florida, where plants generated by its two morphotypes climb aggressively and smother supporting vegetation. Observations on floral morphology of eight species ofDioscorea L., namely,D. Abstract. Antibacterial activities of the extract, fractions and compounds from, Shriram V, Jahagirdar S, Latha C, Kumar V, Puranik V, Rojatkar S, et al. A: Nodal segments from green house with elongated shoot and leaves; B: Nodal segments from underground bulbil with elongated shoots and root proliferation. The species have been the object of numerous studies by botanists, chemists and pharmacists. The mean±SE, minimum and maximum values were calculated for all variables. Herein, we report the rapid synthesis of novel nanoparticles by D. bulbifera tuber extract (DBTE). We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Dioscorea caillei A. Chev. (1943) studied many other wild yams from Central America, such as D. composita, D. testudinatia and D. lobata, with high levels of steroidal sapogenin. Comparison of diagnostic features of wild and in vitro foliar epidermis of abaxial and adaxial were carried out using independent student t-test. MS medium was used as the basal medium for shoot and root proliferation. morphology of the rhizomes and tubers of five different species of Dioscorea, namely D. balcanica, D. bulbifera, D. polystachya, D. rotundata and D. villosa. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Yam (Dioscorea bulbífera) Starch: Effect on Morphology and Functional Properties Cristiany Oliveira Bernardo. After 3-6 weeks of culturing, cultures were subcultured in fresh basal medium depending on the experiments. Dioscorea bulbifera (commonly known as the air potato, air yam, aerial yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam and parsnip yam) is a species of true yam in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae.It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 prior to autoclaving. already built in. The medium was supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose and gelled with 5 g/L agar. (2001) which includes an overview of previous work. Fresh leaves of wild and in vitro cultivated plant of D. bulbifera cut in the standard median position and then soaked in concentrated nitric acid for 3-5 h in a covered Petri dish were used for epidermal study. The plant forms bulbils in the leaf axils of the twining stems, and tubers beneath the ground. Conflict of interest statement: We declare that we have no conflict of interest. Multiple root formation with single elongated shoot and no shoot and root formation. However, the clinical application has been limited for its hepatotoxicity. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features Anatomical characters can help in the identification of plant when morphological features are not distinct. bulbifera L.,D. Morphology and the ability to form microtuber were also found to be unaltered in cryopreserved embryo-derived plantlets. are presented.The most remarkable distinctive features of the taxa studied are: the presence of large fruits and raceme inflorescences inD. Therefore, in the case of shifting from in vitro to ex vitro cultures, the cutine is gradually synthesized, with the decrease relative humidity of the medium in which the plant lives. The plants are propagated vegetatively from tubers. Dioscorea bulbifera (scientific name: Dioscorea bulbifera L., also known as air potato, air yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam, Chinese Pinyin: Huang Yao Zi, Simplified Chinese: 黄药子, 黄独, 木药子, 大苦, 赤药, 红药子), is a species of perennial vine in genus Dioscorea … The same authors established that double-labelled cholesterol was converted by D. floribunda to diosgenin. The use of micropropagation techniques for endangered plant genetic resources conservation was recognized late in the 70s[6]. 1). et al. The greatest development in sapogenin utilization has taken place in Mexico. Recent advances in the areas of diosgenin biosynthesis in tissue culture indicate great scope for obtaining higher yield of steroidal sapogenins in tissue culture, but also for encouraging more interdisciplinary studies in this field. Microscopic evaluation is an indispensable tool for identification of medicinal herbs and is one of the essential parameter in modern monograph. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatotoxicity induced by D. bulbifera in mice. Off * Corresponding author.E-mail: anniosuagwu@mail.com. 70% alcohol (10 min), 3%NaOCl (15 min) *N1, 70% alcohol (10 min), 3%NaOCl (15 min) **N2, 1.0 mg/L BAP+0.2 mg/L NAA+20 mg/L cysteine (*N1), 1.0 mg/L BAP+0.2 mg/L NAA+20 mg/L cysteine (**N2), Glandular unicellular trichome with multicellular head, Evenly and wide spread within epidermal cell. Thin cuticle seems to be a common feature for all in vitro cultivated plant species. Morphological characteristics are used to distinguish between different soils and they are used in classification of soils (Soil Survey Staff, 1998). Ivanova T, Gussev C, Bosseva Y, Stoeva T. Soares JD, Pasqual M, De Araujo AG, De Castro EM, Pereira FJ, Braga FT. & H.Perrier Dioscorea korrorensis R.Knuth Dioscorea latifolia Benth. 7 GUPTA D, SINGH J, 1989 Hydroxy-acetophenone derivatives from Dioscorea bulbifera. 8 IRELAND C, SCHWABE W, GOURSEY D, 1981 The occurrence of batatasins in the Dioscoreaceae. This supports the thin cell wall observed in the micropropagated plant in this study and may explain the slight variation of anatomical features in the foliar epidermis when compared with the wild. 600 species and is divisible into numerous sections according to stem twining, leaf morphology, inflorescences, seed wings, bulbil formation, tuber morphology and chemical content. Se le conoce como Varahi en sánscrito, kaachil en Malayalam y kand Dukkar en marathi. D. bulbifera, besides being important as an edible yam, is used in traditional medicine[17]. *N1: 12 weeks old nodal segment of D. bulbifera obtained from green house; **N2: 12 weeks old nodal segment obtained from underground bulbils of D. bulbifera following dormancy break. Maintaining the genetic identity of donor plant and a completely viable acclimatized plant yield after in vitro storage are the essential prerequisites for using in vitro culture techniques for ex-situ conservation purpose. The useful diagnostic features included amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic and anisocytic stomata and smooth epidermal wall as shown in Figures 7 and and88. Quigley (1978) investigated Dioscorea species from Ghana: D. bulbifera, D. burkilliana, D. hirtiflora, D. minutiflora, D. praehensilis, D. preusii, D. togoensis and D. zanzibarensis. The effects of Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) intake on small intestine morphology in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats Louise da S. Asht Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30, Niterói, RJ, 24020‐140 Brazil available on Dioscorea bulbifera and its management in Florida. Values are expressed as mean±SEM; 10 replicates per treatment. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax,D. Futhermore, the continuing cell enlargement retards the development of secondary walls (lignification and cutinization) resulting in thinner cell wall, reduced deposition of epicuticular waxes and poor mechanical tissue formation[44]. Foliar microscopic features of abaxial epidermis of D. bulbifera. Folia Geobot. Sarma (1980) studied the influence of diosgenin, isolated from D. prazeri, on chromosomes of Allium cepa. Bulbifera. Dioscorea belongs to the monocotyledons, family Dioscoreaceae, subfamily Dioscoreoideae. In vitro culture explants are exposed to specific artificial conditions which differ from those in the natural environment. (2001). It is commonly called air potato, air yam or bulbil-bearing yam. Dioscorea bulbifera is a potent medicinal plant used in both Indian and Chinese traditional medicine owing to its rich phytochemical diversity. Smilacifolia De Wild. The vines were excised from the mother plant with single node intact (used as explants). Table Diosgenin content in selected Dioscorea species. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax,D. Selvaraj and Subhas-Chander (1980) observed that fresh tuber homogenates of D. floribunda incubated at 37 °C for 24 h contained more diosgenin than control and dry tuber homogenates. In this regard, the important microscopic features of the leaf of D. bulbifera (an important medicinal plant) such as anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, glandular trichomes with unicellular stalk and multicellular head, cuticular striations, presence of mucilage within epidermal cell and polygonal epidermal wall with smooth surfaces may serve as useful diagnostic features. Bat. Dioscorea hoffa Cordem. The air humidity in culture vessels is very high ranging from 95%-100% and plant response is to enhance water diffusion into the cells, with subsequent increase in both parenchymatic cell sizes and intercellular spaces. hirtiflora Benth.,D. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Yam (Dioscorea bulbífera) Starch: Effect on Morphology and Functional Properties Cristiany Oliveira Bernardo. Subcultured nodal segments from N1 and N2 in same media composition (parameters of growth scored after 6 weeks). Dioscorea bulbifera var. Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. He analyzed the Japanese Dioscorea species, three of which did not contain sapogenins. Among the many documented medicinal folk uses, the plant is used to paste produced from the tubers to treat swelling and as a cure for snakebite and scorpion stings in Africa and Asia, and the bulbils are used to cure thyroid diseases and cancer in traditional Chinese medicine[18]–[20]. minutiflora Engl.,D. Micromorphological investigation of foliar anatomy of genera, Abere TA, Onwukaeme DN, Eboka CJ. Tel: 00234-8134901273, E-mail: Received 2013 Dec 12; Accepted 2013 Jan 27. Morphology. Stem-Twining to the left, unarmed, often with bulbils in the leaf-axils. Production of plantlets with profuse rooting in vitro is important for successful establishment of regenerated plants in soil[28]. Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two poplar species originating from different attitude. Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaves of, El-Sayed ZI, Ateya AM, Fekry M. Macro and micromorphological study of the leaf, stem, flower and root of, Sonibare MA, Jayeola AA, Egunyomi A, Murata J. 1033. At the beginning of the growing season, tubers and new bulbils produce thick sphagetti-like root from the rhizomatous head. The near endangered status of D. bulbifera makes it imperative to find appropriate means of its conservation. Sautour M, Mitaine-Offer A, Lacaille-Dubois M. The Dioscorea genus: a review of bioactive steroid saponins. 2014 Mar; 4(3): 176–183. Another kind of chemical investigation of Dioscorea species is the biotrans-formation of steroidal saponins. Dioscorea bulbifera, Air Potato, Aerial Yam, Potato Yam, Bitter Yam Family. Leaf anatomy of orchids micrpropagated with different silicon concentrations. Foundation Project: Supported by University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant (Grant No. Selections from the book: âMedicinal and Aromatic Plants IIâ, 1989. Mubo A. Sonibare and Adedapo A. Adeniran. Photomicrograph (Ziess standard 25) of the epidermises was obtained using Motic camera mounted on a compound light microscope and attached to a Pentium IV computer. The presence of mass of mucilage within the epidermal cell and the presence of glandular unicellular trichomes with multicellular head are indicative of the medicinal lodgments of bioactive principles in the plant and in a way may justify its use in traditional medicine[33]. They were rinsed in distilled water until explants were clean and free from Tween 20. Similarly, the foliar epidermal anatomy of Dioscorea rotundata, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea dumetorum, and Dioscorea alata was reported to consist of anomocytic stomata only for the four species of Dioscorea studied[41]. However, in the present study, induction of bulbil with aerial root (whitish) in MS media+NAA (2.0 mg/L)+cysteine (20 mg/L) is suggested rather than the use of BAP (2.0 mg/L) or NAA (0.50 mg/L)+BAP (2.0 mg/L) in MS medium. ex De Wild. It... Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. (1977) found that D. bulbifera has diuretic and anti-inflammatory activity. *N1: 12 weeks old nodal segment of D. bulbifera obtained from green house; **N2: 12 weeks old nodal segment obtained from underground bulbils of D. bulbifera following dormancy break. 73 Grafica 19 Concentración de alcohol para D. bulbifera al 10%, 13%, y 16% 74 Grafica 20 Concentración de alcohol para D. trífida al 10%, 13%, y 16% 75 By using these modern and very accurate methods, it will be possible to apply plant cell cultures to commercial diosgenin production. Dioscorea burkilliana J. Miège. Flowers are dioecious and seeds often winged. Dioscorea bulbifera es una planta trepadora que puede alcanzar hasta seis metros o más en longitud. Rose leaf structure in relation to different stages of micropropagation. Observations on floral morphology of eight species ofDioscorea L., namely,D. A: Formation of single bulbil with aerial root; B: Single bulbil at the nodal base. Copyright © 2020 | First Mag designed by Themes4WP. Its traditional usage is well-recognized in the Chinese medicinal systems as well as in West Africa. At the moment, in vitro technique has found increasing significance as a complementary means to in situ plant conservation, especially for vegetatively propagated and recalcitrant seed-producing species[7]. NPs synthesis was completed within 5 h showing a prominent peak at 540 nm. Thereafter, they were soaked in 70% alcohol for 10 min and finally treated with 3% sodium hypochloride for 15 min and then rinsed thoroughly by intermittent shaking with sterilized distilled water (3×). Generally, parameters of growth, such as number of leaves, mean multiple shoots and mean length showed optimal and better growth response in nodal segments obtained from underground bulbils (100% free of contamination) compared with nodal segments obtained from the green house (70% free of contamination) (Table 2). Coursey (1967) mentioned 53 Dioscorea species containing sapogenin, and a high percentage of diosgenin content (more than 2%) was found in 23 species ineluding D. composita, D. deltoidea and D. floribunda. Islam MT, Chowdhury RU, Afroz R, Rahman S, Haque MM. Slight variations included thick cuticular wall with closed stomata in wild plant compared to thin walled opened stomata in the in vitro plant. Okeke EC, Eneobong HN, Uzuegbunam AO, Ozioko AO, Kuhnlein H. Igbo tradional food system: documentation, uses and research needs. In Dioscorea hispida, BAP (2.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.50 mg/L) with ascorbic acid 100 mg/L, elicited optimal response in shoot in which an average of (6.00±0.18) shootlets with a mean shoot length of (5.00±0.28) cm per explant was recorded[30]. Following dormancy break of the bulbils (after 16 weeks), they were dipped into black polythene bags with holes, filled with top soil and kept in the green house to minimize microbial contamination of plants. Dioscorea bulbifera is an evergreen Perennial Climber growing to 10 m (32ft) by 0.5 m (1ft 8in) at a fast rate. Dioscorea bulbifera L., Sp. Glycerin was used as mountant, and epidermises were covered with coverslips and the edges of the slide sealed with nail varnish to prevent dehydration. Santos L, Thadeo LD, Larema L, Alves RM, Ferreira FA. Comparative qualitative and quantitative features of foliar epidermis of wild and micropropagated D. bulbifera are presented in Table 3. Akahori (1965) found an interesting correlation between morphological features and sapogenin content. It is hardy to zone (UK) 9. Characterization and maintenance of yam (Dioscorea spp.) Underground tubers, vary in shape and are rich in starch. demonstrated the developmental differences in the cuticle of rose plants which occur in various micropropagation stages[45]. In Southwest Nigeria, D. bulbifera grows under the shade that contains a substrate composed of high levels of organic material and often over the tops of low-lying vegetation and into tree canopies. 1753.. Tubérculos hipogeos y esféricos, 20 30 cm de diámetro, corteza café clara a amarillenta, lisa; bulbilos esféricos, 1 10 cm de diámetro; tallos levovolubles. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. flower of D. bulbifera is a distinctive feature of this taxon. Thus, the D. bulbifera plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues were genetically stable at the molecular, biochemical and morphological levels. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions, especially in Africa, South America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Oceania. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. vera Prain & Burkill Dioscorea crispata Roxb. (1984). ... Observations on the floral morphology of some Dioscorea species (Dioscoreaceae) in Nigeria. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. MORPHOLOGY OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA L.21 Habit- A large glabrous climber growing 70 feet or more in length. 1, Bureau of Methods Development and Biological Control 2 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608 Quick Identification Guide: Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera odoratissima Pax,D. Introduction of excised nodal segments from 6 weeks old plant in fresh MS media+BAP (1.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.2 mg/L)+cysteine (2.0 mg/L) resulted in formation of a single bulbil with aerial root after 4 weeks of culturing (Figure 5A). Natural Area Weeds: Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) 3 Three other introduced species of Dioscorea may be encountered in Florida: Chinese yam (D. polystachya), Zanzibar yam (D. sansibarensis), and wild yam (D. villosa).None of these is considered to be invasive. It comprises ca. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Smillie TJ, Khan IA. Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato): This true yam also produces axillary tubers but these can sometimes weigh several pounds. Produce tubérculos basales; sin embargo, los “bulbillos” (o tubérculos aéreos) que crecen en la base de sus hojas son el producto alimenticio más importante. This is why the viscoamylography and the morphology of native starch from yam congo were studied. (D. bulbifera) in order to document useful diagnostic features that may be employed for correct crude drug identification and to clear any taxonomic uncertainties in the micropropagated medicinal plant. From the pharmaceutical point of view, the most important has been the finding that diosgenin production in tissue culture can be at least as high as in intact plants. Also, mucilages have been reported in the epidermis of senna (Cassia acutifolia Delile), Alexandrian senna (Cassia augustifolia Vahl), Cassia auriculata Linn. (Feverfew), From Herb to Medicine: Forms of Herbal Products. They concluded, based on this limited sample, that pollen morphological characters provided useful systematic data within the genus. One should consider the fact that abundant information on diosgenin production in tissue culture on the one hand and rapid development of the biotechnology of the plants on the other, would probably require the application of mathematical programming. Foliar microscopic features of adaxial epidermis of D. bulbifera. Air potato is an aggressive, herbaceous vine that can attain lengths of 65 feet in a single growing season. Nodal segments of D. bulbifera with elongated shoots. Introduction . Although the development of successful in vitro propagation and storage protocols are reliable methods that make possible the establishment of extensive germplasm collections, plants cultivated in vitro present certain anatomical and physiological characteristics intrinsic to culture environment[8]. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Accepted Name Air potato Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Dioscoreales > Dioscoreaceae > Dioscorea > Dioscorea bulbifera L. The aerial bulbil serves as the main storage organ rather than underground tubers or bulbils[3]. Pl. Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Single bulbil with aerial root and single bulbil at the nodal base. Ajayi GO, Kadiri AB, Egbedi ME, Oyeyemi OO. Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of, Yasmiri G, Khan MA, Shaheen N, Hayat MQ. The leaves are shiny green, alternate with a long petiole. (D. bulbifera) belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae assigned to the order Dioscorales. Also, subculturing of 6 weeks old in vitro plants from MS media+BAP (1.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.2 mg/L)+cysteine (20 mg/L) in MS media+NAA (1.0 mg/L)+BAP (0.2 mg/L) resulted in profuse white callus at the base after 8 weeks of subculturing with suppressed shoot growth (Figure 6B). Leaf micro-characters can be used for distinguishing crude drugs even when they are fragmented[10]. The tubers are edible and have often been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic medicine to treat … andD. Dioscorea heterophylla Roxb. Morphology of flood plain soils Morphology deals with spatial distribution pattern of the soil characteristics. Smilacifolia De Wild. Growth of plant was assessed 4-6 weeks. The plant had been reported to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties as well as used for diseases such as leprosy, tumours, piles, dysentery, syphilis and ulcers[21]–[23]. Pharmacognistic study of two medicinal species of. Anatomical study, petiole, leaf, tuber, root and flower of, Aina OD, Atumeyi S. Foliar epidermal anatomy of four species of. Other Chinese species, D. althaeoides, D. colettii and D. septemloba, were the object of studies by Lou and Chen (1983) and Liu and Chen (1984), in which they isolated and identified diosgenin. The steroidal sapogenins, mostly diosgenin, present in the tubers and roots are one of the most valuable commercial sources for synthesis of corticosteroidal drugs (cortisone) and sexual hormones such as progesteron. 1 October 2016 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry 1 Methods Contribution No. Responses of nodal segments of D. bulbifera in MS media supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.3 mg/L) were poor as 20% of growth was recorded with no shoot elongation and root formation after culturing for more than 6 weeks (Figure 3B). Alarcón MV, Lloret PG, Iglesias DJ, Talón M, Salguero J. This paper adds new data on the pollen and orbicule morphology of 61 Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae) species to the survey of Schols et al. Bulbils occur in the leaf axis of numerous species of Dioscorea and contribute greatly to vegetative propagation. Yams: An account on the nature, origin, cultivation and utilization of the useful members of Dioscoreaceae. Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers. Effect of plant growth regulator on. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. rotundata Poir. The diagnostic features obtained in the study could serve as a basis for proper identification for quality control for standardization of the medicinal plant. INTRODUCTION. Healthy vines with active buds were collected from 12 weeks old plants of D. bulbifera raised and maintained in the green house. A. Osiyemi at the Forest Herbarium Ibadan where the voucher specimen with number “FHI 109529” was deposited. In dry tuber incubation endogenous enzymes are destroyed. Pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical studies of, Salmah T, Nashriyah M, Abdul-Ghani Y, Shamsul BA. hirtiflora Benth.,D. Multiple shoots from subcultured nodal segments. Slight variations included closed stomata pore in the wild and open in the in vitro cultivated plants, cuticularization of epidermal walls was observed in the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the wild whereas it was noticed only on the abaxial surfaces of the in vitro plant. Dioscorea hofika Jum. In the present study, MS medium+BAP (0.05 mg/L)+NAA (0.01 mg/L) produced the highest mean root length of (27.00±1.25) mm with an elongated single shoot of mean length (38.00±11.09) mm (Figure 2A, Table 1) representing 70% explants response after 8 weeks of culturing. Dougall (1979) showed that the yield of diosgenin found in cell culture of D. deltoidea (26mg/g_1 dry wt) was higher than those found in whole plants (20mg/g_1 dry wt). En los años 50 del pasado siglo se estudió en Veracruz, México, una variedad de Dioscorea que se usaba como saponina o jabón para matar peces por la compañía Sintex. The techniques utilized in this study were in accordance with methodology previously reported in literature[25]–[27]. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); February 9, 2015 Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Chinese: Huangdu, common name: air potato) is a traditional herbal medicine in China, and it is also one of the most widely consumed yam species, especially in West Africa. Diosgenin content in Dioscorea roots is 4% to 6% of dry weight. Diosgenin was first isolated by Tsukamoto and Ueno (1936) from the Japanese species D. tokoro with a yield of 1%. Morpho-anatomical, biochemical and molecular parameters have also been used to monitor integrity and stability of in vitro grown plants[9]. Anomocytic stomata type reported in this work agrees with a previous report of anomocytic stomata in the order Dioscorales as in the case of Dioscorea hispida[40]. germplasm. PMID: 12819828 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: A: Eight weeks old callus from nodal explants of D. bulbifera; B: Profuse whitish callus with shoot suppression. Mucilages are generally normal products of metabolism formed within the cell (intracellular formation) and or produced without injury to the plant[34]. Dioscorea bulbifera is an edible yam species differentiated from every other species by the possession of specialized aerial bulbils, usually produced on the base of petioles (Martin, 1974). Dioscorea hulhifera By FRANKLIN W. MARTIN, plant geneticist^ Federal Experiment Station^ Southern Region, Agricultural Research Service, JJ. preussii Pax,D. The presence of anisocytic stomata in D. bulbifera together with anomocytic stomata may serve as distinguishing character for its identification from other Dioscorea species. It comprises ca. Comparison of mean of parameters of growth using independent student t-test for each column showed no statistical significance at P>0.05. Consequently, the plants are destroyed and are not eaten. Adedeji O, Jewoola OA. It is named by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides Essiett UA, Bala DN, Agbakahi JA. 1033. 1753.. Tubérculos hipogeos y esféricos, 20 30 cm de diámetro, corteza café clara a amarillenta, lisa; bulbilos esféricos, 1 10 cm de diámetro; tallos levovolubles. La Dioscorea bulbifera, o “Patata aérea”, es una planta trepadora originaria de las zonas tropicales de Asia y África que pertenece a la familia Dioscoreaceae. Other authors have described the biological properties of diosgenin. Basionym: ** Type: Without data (lectotype: Hermann, Parad. Abstract This biology is the 2nd in a series of Agriculture Handbooks dealing with the major species of yams. et al. SRG/FP/2010/4A). Dioscorea bulbifera granules were observed to have two different morphologies. Behera KK, Sahoo S, Prusti AB. Vines with tuberous root stocks; Stem terete, twining to left. These are edible and potato like in flavor. Frequent in hedges. Mr. O. There is a dearth of published research on its invasive biological attributes including vine growth and biomass production by plants generated from bulbils. Other authors found traces of diosgenin in D. bulbifera. In Europe D. caucasica and D. pyrenaica are found. Thus, the D. bulbifera plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues were genetically stable at the molecular, biochemical and morphological levels. This indeed may explain the opening of stomata pore and possibly the reason for having larger average width of stomata sizes in the micropropagated plant [adaxial surface (7.68±0.38) µm and abaxial surface (6.14±0.46 µm)] compared to the wild. MORPHOLOGY OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA L.21 Habit- A large glabrous climber growing 70 feet or more in length. Keragaman uwi-uwian tersebut terlihat pada arah lilitan batang (searah jarum jam ... Diversity and characteristic morphology of yam (Dioscorea sp.). It comprises ca. (1969) found that D. floribunda leaf homogenate converted the open-chain glycoside of diosgenin to dioscin. Many results suggest that the high diosgenin content can be obtained by biotransformation, and this method should be developed in the future. A taxonomic study of some species in. Citation: DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA Linnaeus, Sp. A survey of epidermal morphology of the genus. 2016. Pollen and orbicule morphology of 35 species of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a large tropical and subtropical genus of some 400 species, were examined by Schols et al. Leaves 9-25 x 8-23 cm, ovate-suborbicular, base deeply cordate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate, membranous, glabrous, basally 9-11-ribbed; petiole to 20 cm long. Mucilages are evenly and widely spread within the epidermal cell of the wild plant than the micropropagated plant. Comparative growth of micropropagated plantlets and seedlings of citrus varieties. It contains detailed information on Dioscorea bulbifera, one of the most common and widespread yams of the tropics, which is known as air-potato yam because of its edible aerial tubers. The main determinant factors are high relative air humidity, air composition and culture media content. Ahmed Z, Chishti MZ, Johri RK, Bhagat A. Antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity of aqueous extract of, Wang J, Ji L, Liu H, Wang Z. It is possible that the combination of BAP (1.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.20 mg/L)1+cysteine (20 mg/L) in this study was responsible for shoot regeneration as control without these plant growth regulators failed to grow after observation in culture medium for more than 6 weeks. This is a good paper elucidating the importance of micro characters in the confirmation of the identity of both micro propagated and wild samples of D. bulbifera. A comprehensive approach to identifying and authenticating botanical products. rotundata Poir. One of the first plants to be investigated there were D. mexicana, D. floribunda and D. composita. Dioscorea bulbifera is a potent medicinal plant used in both Indian and Chinese traditional medicine owing to its rich phytochemical diversity. et al. Healthy nodal segments (12 weeks old) obtained from the green house and underground bulbil grown indoor (Figure 1A and and1B)1B) were disinfected using a drop of Tween 20 in distilled water in a sterilized bottle with constant shaking for 3 min. Antitumour activity of, Mbiantcha M, Kamanyi AR, Teponno AL, Tapondjou B, Watcho P, Nguelefack T. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from the bulbils of, Kuete V, Betrandteponno R, Mbaveng AT, Tapondoju LA, Meyer JJ, Barboni L, et al. A combination of these features had been found useful for taxonomic distinction and recognition in angiosperm families. In all media treatments, 10%-30% callus was generated (Figure 6A). Stem-Twining to the left, unarmed, often with bulbils in the leaf-axils. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. The authors are grateful to the management of National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology for providing technical support and an enabling environment during the study. A: Multiple shoots obtained from green house; B: Multiple shoots obtained from underground bulbil. The highest level of this compound (16.15%) was found by Ting et al. In spite of the great medicinal application of D. bulbifera, preference is largely given by local people to the flavor of other yam species. For each treatment, 10 replicates were used and all the experiments were repeated three times. Small granules (7–15 μm maximum dimension) are circular to oblate, while larger granules (25–35 μm) were typically either oblong or triangular as seen in other Dioscorea sp. Herbalist Post‐Graduate Programe in Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, , 23890‐000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. The term, however, should not be confused with the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae), which is also known as yam in the USA. Dioscoreaceae, the Yam Family. Yang F, Miao LF. It is named by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides and Thespia populnea Linn.[38],[39]. The flowers are pollinated by Wind, Insects. Though many papers have reported the importance of micro characters, this report focused on the comparison between wild and micro propagated relatives using such characters and thus introducing another research dimension in biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reduction of aqueous Ag(+) ions using D. bulbifera tuber extract. Key words: Dioscorea , chromosome number, raphide morphology, genotypes. It is therefore imperative to consider conserving this medicinally useful plant genetic resource. Information is also included on related species occurring in Florida, including invasive winged yam, D. alata. 1033. Dioscorea belongs to the monocotyledons, family Dioscoreaceae, subfamily Dioscoreoideae. Dioscorea bulbifera L. is a medicinal plant. Preparation of epidermal imprints of living plant organs by the use of non toxic mucilage and latex.
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