FMP. Economical production of hydroponics tomato improves the productivity and farmers profitability. If you wish to opt out, please close your SlideShare account. The BCR was found positive at 1.07 and 1.44 for with and without casual labor respectively. Instt. ): YEAR: Punjab: Sindh: Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw: Balochistan: PAKISTAN: 1980-81: 128.15 Rawalpindi. Average yield of tomato obtained in hydroponics production system in Pakistan was 162 ton per hectare … 2009. Bala, B., Sharma, N., & Sharma, R. K. 2011. Calif. Press on behalf of the Nat. 2.1 Global Tomato Production The world production of tomato experienced a steady and continuous growth in the last decades of the twentieth century. Average yield of tomato in Pakistan was observed to be around 10 ton/ha (Figure 1). The Journal of Plant Protection Sciences Export intensity is the common measure of export performance of a firm or country (Reis and Forte, 2014). FMP was selected as only option for sample analysis. Salunkhe, D.K. Lynch. FMP was producing tomato on vine, bell pepper and cherry tomato under hydroponics system. Monthly Sale behavior of FMP was shown in Figure 2. In research experiments, maximum yield of tomato was obtained 41.45 ton/ha in Pakistan (Hussain et al., 2001). If the customers are blood of any firm in a business model, then revenue generation is the arteries. FMP used this technology to produce high quality vegetables to cover the niche market of Middle East and the sub-continent. Farmers Market Pvt. For producer, FoB prices were more preferable. Horizontal expansion in terms of area is limited but vertical expansion has greater scope as average yield of different crops is lower in Pakistan relative to the world average (. Cost and Return Structure for the Promising Enterprise of Off-Season Vegetables in Himachal Pradesh. Corporation November 2001, RIRDC Publication No 01/141, RIRDC Project No HAS-9A. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Pricing mechanism of hydroponics products in local and export market. Ltd. (FMP), a company registered in Pakistan with Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) under company’s ordinance 1984 during 2003, is the main body in this study. Irrigation in tomato production is quite important for healthy growth of plants, quality and quantity of fruits. Khokhar, T. Mahmood, M.H. Hosts and Viruses 0.63million during 2009-10. A farmer having own land can save this cost in terms of capital cost. Important elements like fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium are found in tomatoes. Pakistan’s wage structure during 1990/91-2006/07. Average yield of cherry tomato was recorded as 47±7 (SD) ton per hectare. These markets are buyer driven and retailers play key role (Dolan, 1996). External Market Conditions, Competitiveness, Diversification and Pakistan’s Export Performance. Per Acre. J. Strat. Hochmuth, G.J. 2008. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. 2005. Prod. Potato production in Pakistan. This study has been designed to analyze the hydroponics production system and productivity improvement option in Pakistan and its future prospects. Table 1: Area allocation under hydroponics production for different crops at FMP. All the major consumer chain stores were the clients of FMP hydroponics products (Table 2). Page 127-130, Finance Division, GoP. Alertor, O., A.A. Oshodi and K. Ipinmoroti. Few elements of the machinery and equipment were not required in Pakistan climate and even many of them can be reduced if installed in climatically favorable zones like moderate zones of coastal areas of Sindh and Baluchistan, Abbottabad, Potohar and few areas of KPK province of Pakistan. Habib, H.S., A.M. Malik, A. Ali and M.A. Economies of scale and more specialization in the technology through indigenization can further reduce the operational cost and may result in doubling the BCR. By sea transportation is possible through refrigerated containers; g):Water purification cost through reverse osmosis can be eliminated and water can be saved by installing the units on most of the small dams in Potohar and other suitable regions depending upon EC and pH of rain water; h): Commercial import of salts can reduce unit cost (CPEC opportunity); i): Improvement in health of the consumers through diseased and pesticide free products. 0.3% Ranked 35th. Hydroponics is a successful and rapidly expanding industry in the world over (Carruthus, 2002) and is developed manifold in developed countries like four to five folds in last decade in Australia (Hassall and Associates Pvt. Med. 0. 245million for two ha green houses. Threats: a): Most of the Salts used in hydroponics are still imported in Pakistan; b): Taste issue (hydroponics products are mostly used uncooked as table products in the shape of Salad); c): Load shedding of electricity and natural gas can adversely affect productivity. However, in recent years, the use agricultural technology is already high. The same volume of local sale doubled in 2012-13 i.e., Rs.1.29 million. After sixties, late seventies envisaged high agriculture growth as a spillover effect of green revolution. Global variability in fruit and vegetable consumption Am J. Prev. Dev. Green house Hydroponics industry status report, Hydroponics worldwide. The per capita per annum consumption of vegetables as per FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheet database was 26.34, 88.71, 46.24, 28.97, 114.09 and 27.34 kg in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal and Bangladesh respectively. Patil. At macro level, imports of the country will be converted to exports. These markets are buyer driven and retailers play key role (Dolan, 1996). The population increase is still on the up and need another boost in the yield to meet the increasing demand at national level. 16.25 million per hectare was used as fixed cost for further analysis with an average life of twenty years, thus incurring annual fixed cost of Rs. Analysis suggests that this technology can improve the yield of tomato in the country and solve the demand and supply gap of Pakistan besides helping in export promotion and import substitution. Exports showed mixed trend due to competition with local and surrounding regional produce in the international market. Ltd. 2001). Input data include all the inputs involved in hydroponics production process and on which some expenditure has been incurred for financial analysis. Pinstrup, P.A., R.P. Lorch and M.W. Sci. Horizontal expansion in terms of area is limited but vertical expansion has greater scope as average yield of different crops is lower in Pakistan relative to the world average (Shahnaz et al., 2009). ), marketing cost (expenditure incurred on transportation of product, freight for product export, advertising and exhibition etc. Dev. 1. Springer US. GoP. Carruthers, 2002. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 151 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2004 ISBN 92-5-104991-2. In that year, approximately 182 million metric tons of tomatoes were produced worldwide. Factors contributed in development of local market were introduction of new products, price stabilization policy in one big market of Rawalpindi /Islamabad, flexible prices on low grade product, price negotiations with chain stores, massive marketing campaign through exhibitions and seminars and opening new markets and customers. In Pakistan 50 million people are working in agriculture sector and producing 25 million tons of food grains (Hussain and Akram, 2008). Table 8: Production and Revenue Generation of different vegetables at FMP (2009-13). ). Production of Bell pepper hardly matches local demand. Aptamers and Synthetic Antibodies www.elsevier.comrlocaterorms, Hussain, S.I., K.M. Determinants of export intensity of a firm are labour productivity and size of firm (Reis and Forte, 2014). Vol.25, No.4. Population of the country is rising. 41.8 m/2 ha in 2011-12 (Table 8). PBS-22(08/2014) vol.62/100, Statistical division, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, GoP. Food and Agriculture Organization of UN statistics. BCR: BCR was calculated by dividing Gross benefits with total cost (Equation 4). Available at: http://wps.fep.up.pt/wps/wp524.pdf. Major export products include Tomato on vine and Cherry tomato. Benefit cost ratio of tomato production under drip irrigation in net houses was found to be 5.19 with the application of farm yard manure. All rights Reserved. Khan 2015. per annum (Table 7). Weaknesses: a): It is capital intensive (fixed cost is high) technology due to both high fixed and operational cost; b): Load shedding of electricity and gas create operational hurdles; c): High humidity in monsoon cause problem for pollination of tomatoes, ultimately decreasing productivity; d): Severe weather condition during extreme summer and winter may cause decrease in productivity; e): Export by air is costly (minimum by air freight charges were US 1 $ per Kg). 1961. Export markets for hydroponics products of Pakistan. Bontje, J.C.B. Data was collected from FMP on monthly basis from 2009-2013. Pakistan Journal of Nematology Authors are thankful to Farmers Market Pvt. Chishti, M. Zulfiqar, G. Yasmeen, N. Farid and A. Iftikhar. Terminal market provides assembling and selling points for producers and wholesalers and retailers (FAO, 2004). Vorster and J.A. However, round wild variety is the most preferred one. Rosegrant. Nutr. Data on various production and economic variables was collected from FMP during 2009 to 2013. In niche markets, this product has no close substitute resulting in fetching high price above the cost of production. Government of Pakistan 2013. Ministry of National Food Security and Research 2012. Tomato is a vegetable crop of significant economic value in Pakistan. 2018. 2009 May;36(5): 402-409.e5. Hydroponic technology has been tested in Pakistan and the technology has been proved to be successful in increasing productivity. Bader S., 2006. On a global scale, the annual production of fresh tomatoes accounts for approximately 159 million tonnes. Pakistan’s Agricultural Development since Independence: Intertemporal Trends and Explanations. Veterinary Sciences: Research and Reviews, What would like to do? Adoption of modern technology is the only option for Pakistan to increase productivity of vegetables especially tomato. Ltd. and PMAS-Arid Agriculture University for provision of data and support during data collection process. Crop windbreaks can aid in crop protection and enhance early growth and yield. Minist. Secondary data required for analyzing different parameters was also collected from different sources like Economic Survey of Pakistan, Agriculture statistics various editions, Pakistan Federal Bureau of Statistics and FAOSTAT etc. Pakistan Journal of Zoology Gradually the local market developed and this ratio decline to 1:1.42 in 2012-13. Yield, seasonality and export orientation in hydroponics. Myles. Average yield obtained in hydroponics in Pakistan is 168 tons per hectare as compared to national average of ten tons per hectare. The market competitiveness behavior of FMP products was different in different markets depending upon substitution and income effect. The Pakistan Council for Science and Technology has published a national ranking of the best scientists in the country; Nobel Prize. a free encyclopedia. Option for the country is to increase productivity. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(96)00095-7. Water use efficiency and economics of tomato using drip irrigation under netthouse conditions. Vegetables can play very important role in combating hunger and malnutrition (Rensburg et al., 2004). Vegetables are an important component of human diet all over the world, thus their supply needs to be regulated for better health of the community. In the decades since independence, the aalu has become the country's fastest growing staple food crop. Agriculture and food security policy of Pakistan aims at creating modern, efficient and diversified agricultural sector, with more innovation and technology-based agriculture (Ministry of National Food Security and Research, 2012). new technologies to enhance crop yields and income of households. Pakistan is among the low vegetable consumption prevalence countries where vegetable consumption prevalence was estimated as 99.2% in men and 99.3% in women (Hall et al., 2009). Ruel, T.M., N. Minot and S. Lisa. The data include quantity of product sold to each client and prices of each product. 26: 855–871 (2005) Published online in Wiley Inter-Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). This rapid development of local market is a clear indicator of future prospects of hydroponics technology in the country. All the clients (100%) demanded CNF prices of CIF prices. The ratio of local sale to export would guide us the development process of local market of FMP products in the country. Unsubscribe. FMP was producing high quality products on international standards. These are suitable under different conditions. Food Chem. The local sales during first year were Rs. The green stalk has high carbohydrate contents so it is an enchanting feed for poultry. The world food situation: New driving forces and required actions. The month of September and October are the lowest sale months of hydroponic firm. This poses a constraint to the increase in supply of food in the country. Pak. Tomato production in Pakistan was 530 thousand tones during 2011. Crops remain in production for remaining nine months of the year. This study has been designed to analyze the hydroponics production system and productivity improvement option in Pakistan and its future prospects. Sci. Tomato farmers are facing various problems due to outbreak of pest and diseases related to climate change, labor shortage and borewells going dry etc. al. Bell pepper and cherry tomato prices were remain fixed during whole year due to poor competition in the market. Ranking of Pakistani Scientists by Pakistan Council for Science & Technology. and capital intensive. Hydroponics as an agricultural production system. Technol. While per capita consumption of vegetable in Turkey and Brazil were 242 kg per annum. Received | June 17, 2017; Accepted | May 28, 2018; Published | June 13, 2018, *Correspondence | Arshad Mahmood Malik, Department of Economics and Agricultural Economics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Email: arshadmm1@hotmail.com. Laghari and M.M. Horticultural Commodity Chains: the impact of UK market on the African fresh vegetable industry, IDS working paper 96. Kurttila, M., M. Pesonen, J. Kangas and M. Kajanus. Fruits, Vegetables and condiments Statistics of Pakistan 2011-12. Hill, T. and R. Westbrook. 636. PROVINCE WISE AVERAGE YIELD OF TOMATO FROM 1980-81 TO 2017-18 (Average Yield 40 Kg. Rensburg, W.S., J. van, S.L. Int’l Food Policy Res. as compared to 10 ton per ha in open field as reported by GoP, 2013. Monthly bulletin of FBS August 2014. China was by far the largest producer, accounting for nearly 33% of global produ Enhanced competition in the export market might be the other factor contributing to the decreasing trend of export sales. 1996. Major cost in investment in hydroponics was on structure of greenhouses which is 80 percent of the total cost. A report for the Rural Industries Res. J. Ltd which is unique entity involved in commercial production of hydroponic products in Pakistan. Naqvi. Rev. Seasonality in production and sales of hydroponics: Crop production behavior includes three to four months from sowing till start of harvesting depending upon nature of crops. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.133.144, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, 2012, The population increase is still on the up and need another boost in the yield to meet the increasing demand at national level. GoP. Various crops produced at FMP were tomato on vine, cherry tomato, bell pepper and other mixed vegetables. In March 2009, company has been transferred to Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (PMAS-AAUR) on the basis of board resolution. Ltd. 2001. Tilman, A. and U. Eckhardt 2006. 2009. The freight from Pakistan to Middle Eastern countries revolves around 1US$. Similarly, sweet bell pepper of FMP has different characteristics like sweetness, different colors like red yellow and orange, beauty, packing, equal size and more solid contents etc. In local market cost was incurred on transportation and promotion activities while in export market, CNF price was offered to the client. 2009. During initial years the ratio of local sale to export was very high, i.e., during 2009-10, local sale to export ratio was 1: 4.88 (. The major characteristics which dignify FMP tomato on vine from local tomatoes were, shining, nutrients enriched, beautiful, low sodium contents, less perishability, sweetness (best for salad), packing and homogeneity in size and color. 817-834. Pak. The higher cost of FMP on land was due to the use of machinery and equipment excessive to the optimally required magnitude. Major export products include Tomato on vine and Cherry tomato. Facebook. He assured that importers have decided to import tomatoes from Iran. 2004. As of this date, Scribd will manage your SlideShare account and any content you may have on SlideShare, and Scribd's General Terms of Use and Privacy Policy will apply. Aggregate analysis of food consumption in Pakistan. Crinò, R. and P. Epifani. 2014. 20 million per hectare. Scheme of data collected on different variables include Input and Output data. Back ground paper submitted for joint FAO/ WHO conference 1-3 September 2004 Workshop on Fruits and vegetables for Health, Kobe, Japan. Cultivation in Aggregate Hydroponics - A Case Study from Coimbatore Region of Tamil Nadu, India. This technology may be tested near routes of CPEC for provision of fresh food in difficult areas of Baluchistan and Makran coasts as specific crops calamities easily in these areas with the help of hydroponics technology ultimately reducing cost of production and investment. This cost was still on higher side as everything used in erection of these green houses were imported from Holland, ultimately increasing the extra cost burden on the project. It is important to maintain good moisture level during its growing period. Khalid Mahmood Mughal, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian and Atta Ullah Khan provided technical support at every step. Hussain, J., A.L. Dolan, C., J. Hamphery and H.P. The nine largest producing countries account for 74.2 % of the world’s yearly production (2011). FMP was producing high quality products on international standards. in SWOTanalysis - a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification caseq Forest Policy and Economics 1 _2000. Determining import intensity of exports for pakistan, state bank of pakistan, research bulletin. 1999. (Presently the trained manpower of this project has been engaged by KSA; c): Rainfall water stored in small dams is best for hydroponics production; d): Few inputs are abundantly available in the country like Apsom Salt; e): Sea port is one day travel from Potohar region of Pakistan where the technology is tested; f): Technology testing in other regions with favourable temperature; g): Major salt used in hydroponics is Calcium Nitrate which can be produced locally. The data set was comprised of monthly and yearly data starting from 2009 till 2013. Worldwide development in hydroponic production: Major export products include Tomato on vine and Cherry tomato. Khan, M.I. during four-year period (2009-13). Computer and related items were required for controlling daily operations of the glass houses and maintenance of comfortable system for crop for avoiding human error. To share on other social networks, click on P-share. Khan, N. Rehman, Z. Ullah, S.T. SWOT analysis: It’s time for a product recall, Long Range Planning, Volume 30, Issue 1, February 1997, Pages 46–52. Current produc on methods adopted are focused on reducing crop risk through an excessive use of pes cides which, along with low yields, contributes towards increasing the price point at which farmers can sell to processors. UF/IFAS Extension. Per capita consumption of vegetable during 1960 was 10.6 grams per day (Khan, 1969). Tomato export was negligible until 2000 from Pakistan and it has increased since 2007. Costs in hydroponics production system: Cost of production of off season vegetables vary from crop to crop. Land is the basic factor of production, for ten acres of green houses, one acre is required for related machinery and equipment and other services. Learn more. Yam cultivated in Pakistan provides around 110 calories per 100 grams of product . Food Policy Res. Monthly disaggregated Data of Farmers Market Pvt. National Food Secur. (FAOSTAT, 2001). See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. In the later years Alternate crop policy was used. Productivity, Quality and Economics of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Opportunities: a): Fixed cost of FMP as reported in its annual audit report was Rs. 22(1). Abdus Salam – winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1979) for his electroweak theory that combines weak nuclear force and electromagnetic forces. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Quaid-e-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan Dec 2008 report. mimeno Università Bocconi. Akbar, M. and Z.F. Measurement of yield of hydroponics production system: Seasonality in production and sales of hydroponics: In hydroponics production system, cost of production is higher even from off season vegetables production system due to its industrialized nature and need equipment and machinery for running every operation and further automation of the system. United Nation department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projection Section. Journal of Virological Sciences Therefore, we will let you know the economics of 1 acre regular tomato cultivation. There has been a progressive increase in area and production of tomato in Pakistan. Journal of Innovative Sciences These factors guide in SWORT analysis of the hydroponics production firm. The yield of tomato from last three to four decades is stagnant. We focus on Tunnel farming business in Pakistan to full fill our food need. Washington, D.C. Poppel, V.G., D.T. Largest tomato producing countries export their best quality tomatoes with high prices. Schnepf, R. 2010. FMP was involved in selling its products in local and export market. During initial years the ratio of local sale to export was very high, i.e., during 2009-10, local sale to export ratio was 1: 4.88 (Table 3). Gradually the local market developed and this ratio decline to 1:1.42 in 2012-13. Measurement of yield of hydroponics production system: Yield of each crop was obtained by dividing production of crop in specific area divided by area in which said crop is sown (Equation 1). Cultivated area of Pakistan is only 22.2 m.ha. SWOT analysis can be used in relation to some other models for improving its efficiency in decision making (Kurtilla et al., 2000). Vegetable growers can substantially increase their income by greenhouse cultivation of vegetables in off season as the vegetables produced in the normal season generally do … Land cost is just 10% of the total cost (Table 6). Kitchen garden tomato a vegetable that is used in our Houses By Mr Allah Dad... How to prune tomato By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University o... 2. Furthermore, a simple local made hydroponic structure with efficient cooling system (Pad-wall System) and local heating system can be prepared with a cost of Rs. This increasing population needs more food supply for existence. 481:719-729. The company is incorporated for production of horticultural crops in high tech. Greenhouse cultivation of vegetables offers distinct advantages of quality, productivity and favorable market prices to the growers. These structures have several advantages and disadvantages. Ltd. PMAS-Arid Agric. This rationalization decreased capital cost to Rs. Payback period of investment in net houses using drip irrigation was calculated as one and half years (Dunage, 2010). Pakistan produced 0.566 million tons … Table 3: Comparison of Tomato Yield Hydroponics with open field Pakistan India and world. Terminal wholesale market near the production facility of hydroponics was Islamabad Fruits and vegetable market. Export of Tomato from Pakistan By Season . Cancer. Reis, J. and Forte, R. 2014. Soloman, S., R. Salomon and J.S. Persistent food insecurity from policy failures in Pakistan. 0. The average yield of India, Asia and World was 19.47± 0.83, 34.28±0.27 and 33.37±0.57 respectively during period under study. You can change your ad preferences anytime. This also reflects the production pattern because during these months the production of tomato stops due to old crop replacement. Traditional farming ( difference between traditional and conventional far... 50. Supply of vegetable will increase in domestic market and increase in per capita consumption will improve health of the consumers. 4.575million per ha. The geographical area of Pakistan is 79.61 million hectares (m.ha.). Cultivated area in Pakistan is also limited. Tomato is a rapidly growing crop with a growing period of 90 to 150 days. Resources: a): Abundant land (utilization of marginal land, out of 79.61 million ha. Doe-het-zelf methode voor Doorlichten en plannen maken in kleine en middelgrote ondernemingen, CED Samson, Brussel. Vol.29 No.1, 2016, pp:68-75. Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT). A knowledge-based SWOT-analysis system as an instrument for strategic planning in small and medium sized enterprises Decision Support Systems 26 _1999. 2015. All international agencies have been focusing on this alarming situation of high population growth rate on the basis of their long run projections (Pinstrup et al., 1999; Braun, 2007 and 2008). This technology can increase productivity of vegetables in the country and revolutionize the horticultural sector. The products of FMP were of high quality and produced under strict food safety standards ultimately increasing cost of production. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. World Food Price Index has been decreasing with the passage of time from 210 in May 2014 to 154.1 in Dec. 2014 based on 2002-04 prices. Sci. in India (Joseph et al., 2014). Meat Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Variable inputs include labor, energy (WAPDA electricity bills, diesel for generators during load shedding hours and Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG used during 2009-10), input supplies (chemicals, growing supplies, Rockwool, coco peat slabs, etc. In Adv. 2005. 41-52. According to United State Department of Agriculture, “hydroponics is a process of growing plants in nutrient solution culture (Syrocki, 1961), this solution provides nutrients to the plants for normal growth of the plant. In contrast, eastern environment is relatively more towards hot weather which need better cooling system; c): Pakistan’s Weather is relatively more favorable for this technology as compared to globe; d): High market price of the hydroponics products in local and export markets; e): Export market is vast (in summer Middle East is net importer and in winter UK/part of EU is net importer); f): By ship export may revolutionize the industry as profit increase many fold (CPEC opportunity). Four years monthly data of hydroponic firm (FMP) has been analyzed to understand the seasonality in sale revenue of the firm. Mustafa 1997. Res. Notes and Comments PIDE. 2001. The yield of tomato is stagnant over last five decades. During extreme weathers production affected adversely causing decrease in supply of product. market of Pakistan; b): The structure of machinery and equipment was western based, where cold weather is dominant feature, resulting in requirement of efficient heating system. 1Department of Economics and Agricultural Economics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan; 2Department of Economics, Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Shares in this product's production. Vegetable provide resistance against cancer (Van Poppel et al., 1999). By increasing share of local sale in export, this cost can also be decreased significantly. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Maximum revenue earned by FMP was Rs. Patterns and Determinant of fruits and vegetables consumption in Sub Saharan Africa. July 26, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.029. Mgmt. maintenance of tomato product quality. The impact of industry characteristics on firmsâ•Ž export intensity. Almost 50 percent of the production was missed, resulting in a gap between supply and demand countrywide. In 2004-05, the area increased to 41.4 thousand hectares, production 426.2 thousand tons and yield was 10.3 tons / ha. It is a daylength neutral plant. However, irrigation should be done on the basis of plant requirements. 2004. The production of tomato in Sindh was 29,826 tonnes, while in Pakistan total production was 275,811 tonnes, and yield per hectare in Sindh was 5,084 kgs, while Pakistan yield per hectare was 10,752 kgs, which is very low as compared to developed countries where it can reach up to 120 tonnes/hectare. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4439697. Sample firm was Farmers Market Pvt. Total tomato production was over 154 million tons in 2009 and 174 million tons in 2015. The company was actively involved in production, processing and marketing of its products both local and abroad. FMP is the only commercial hydroponic entity in Pakistan. At FMP, this gestation period for tomato on vine was observed to be three months, for cherry tomato two and a half month and for bell pepper three and a half month. Area distribution under each crop during specific year was given in Table 1, which indicates the weightage (demand) of the crop. Benefit cost ratio was studied and other measures of performance like export intensity, local penetration ratio etc. The products were certified on ISO-9001:2008, ISO 22000: 2010 and Global GAP standards. Present world production is about 100 million tons fresh fruit from 3.7 million ha. Pakistan. only 22 is cultivated); b): Skilled and unskilled labor supply for local and international market. Pakistan is the country of about 188.02 million people (GoP, 2014), the world sixth biggest populated country (United Nation, 2014). Market Shares in global imports. The production facility of the company was located at Rawat, Islamabad and partly in Kalyam Awan, Gujar Khan tehsil of Rawalpindi on both sides of GT Road joining Rawalpindi to Lahore. Optimum mean daily temperature for growth is 18 to 25ºC with night temperatures between 10 and 20ºC. The estimated total world production for tomatoes in 2017 was 182,301,395 metric tonnes, an increase of 1.6% from 179,508,401 tonnes in 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-weather-temperature-soars-to-near-record-level. The area, production and average yield of tomatoes in Pakistan is given in Table- 3. Generally, most of the interested people belongs to farming community and may own some piece of land. 2 Soil Agriculture Research Center Lab D-138, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. April 2013. The high market cost was mainly due to this reason. The crop can be harvested in 60 – 65 days and it can be grown in most parts of the country. Ltd was also collected from 2009 to 2013. View (active tab) What links here; Tomato is an important commercial vegetable crop for farmers. (GoP, 2014) from last many decades. Science, technology and innovation for sustainable development in the global partnership for development beyond 2015, Thematic Think Piece ITU, OHCHR, UNCTAD, UNEP, UNESCO, UNFCCC, UNIDO, WIPO, WMO, UN system task team on the post 2015 UN Development Agenda. 418.70 million as on 1st July 2007 (FMP, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00376-4, http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-weather-temperature-soars-to-near-record-level, http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y4893e/y4893e00.htm#Contents, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.029, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(96)00095-7, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.1215.1216, www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1969/Volume4/426-441.pdf, http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/f%26v_africa_economics.pdf, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgs.html, http://esa.un.org/wpp/Excel-Data/population.html, https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/sic_manual.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_farm_income, In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts, Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus, Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis, Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides, Lulu Hypermarket, Shahzad Zafar Trading Est., Saudi Hypermarkets, Delmonte, Grand Castle Trading Establishment, Unifruti Middle East, Pan Fresh International, The Fresh Corner, Amer Super Fresh, Spital Field Market London, Electricity, LPG, diesel for backup Genset, Chemicals for recipe and growing supplies, Sales Promotion, exhibition, logistics and transportation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_farm_income. 1999. Int. Local sale showed upward trend in the previous four years and increased more than doubled in four-year period indicating acceptability of the product in the local market. Depart. even compromising 30% of winter production due to non-availability of natural gas); b): It provides best quality highly nutritious products for local and niche markets with sweet taste; c): Diversity in production of many kinds of local and exotic vegetables; d): Hydroponics products are safe for human being as they are free from all kind of pesticide spray; e): Local labor is now trained in hydroponics; f): Technology has been tested under local conditions; g): Pakistan can lead the SAARC region in hydroponics technology as the commercial unit of hydroponics vegetable production is only tested in Pakistan in the SAARC region. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/f%26v_africa_economics.pdf. Carla. Export and Domestic Sales: Their Interrelationship and Determinants, Strateg. 1997. After introduction, next section describes hydroponics technology in the globe and Pakistan so that reader can understand the technology easily. 0.9% Ranked 16th. Now a day’s majority of the items were available at cheaper price in domestic. Table 5: Export intensity of FMP 2009-13. Windbreaks. Rising food prices, what should be done? 1969. At micro level, farmers income will increase multiple times and the horticulture sector become high tech. Total area of the facility was 20,000 sq. Middle East (ME) and Europe is the potential markets for hydroponics products of Pakistan. Minist. Labor and energy cost can further be decreased by improving efficiency of the system through indigenization. Hydroponics is a capital intensive modern technology and is tested in Pakistan by a company known as Farmers Market Pvt. Average yield of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open field. Res. Abstract | Hydroponics production system is state of the art technology, ensuring round the year high quality vegetables free from any residual effects and multiple time productivity in specially developed glasshouses under controlled weather conditions during summer and winter. Worldwide development in hydroponic production: Hydroponics is a process of growing plants in water, word hydroponics is differently defined in various dictionaries like in oxford dictionary, “The process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid, with added nutrients but without soil”. Strengths: a): Hydroponics can be characterized as high productivity production system as compared to open field (tomato production achieved was 168 ton per ha. Agribusiness Pakistan is a Pakistan based Agriculture Consultancy Online Portal in Pakistan. Per capita supply of vegetables in Pakistan is lowest as compared to its neighboring countries. Revenue plays an important role in the development of successful business model. The historical trend of cultivated area shows limited scope of horizontal expansion. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Muhammad Umair Yasin *1, Hina Ahmed Malik 2. Issue 63: March/April –2002, Story Title: Hydroponics as an agric. Staff-February 2, 2018. US Farm Income, Congressional Res. 78(1): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00376-4. Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14. Customer value proposition of FMP products. Electrical and related equipment are required for maintaining regular electricity supply for electrical equipment. 2002. ResearchersLinks is a member of CrossRef, CrossMark, iThenticate. Draft Agriculture and Food Security policy of Pakistan. 7.8. Ronde. Ltd. (FMP). 2010, Annual Audit Report 2010-11, Farmers Market Pvt. 2000. Subscribe Yield of hydroponic tomatoes was measured in hectares. Acta Hort. (Aug 2014): 1078-1086. Proximate and nutrient analysis of selected medicinal plant species of Pakistan. Fixed inputs include expenditure incurred on land, building, Green house machinery, computer and relation equipment’s, Electrical equipment’s, furniture, fixture and equipment’s, office equipment’s, vehicles and other physical assets. 2004, 70(1): 52–59, ARC–Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Conventional methods failed to increase productivity in the past. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 with an increase of X% year-to-year. Shahnaz, A.A., A.F. Trade and Payments. Supply of hydroponics products provides solution to the problem of decade old stagnancy in yield of the vegetables especially tomato to cater the increasing demand due to gigantic population increase. www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1969/Volume4/426-441.pdf. Draft Agriculture Policy of Pakistan 2013, also focused on new technology for enhancing productivity in the country (GoP, 2013). This was successful policy and provides revenue during these days/ months. Marketing cost mainly include freight on export. Dunage, V.S., P. Balakrishnan and M.G. Res. Tomato production technology A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The ratio indicates that the local market for hydroponics products of FMP was developing rapidly with an annual growth rate of 29%. Inputs can be divided into Fixed and variable inputs. Prices in UAE market face more global competition as compared to other destination due to volume of the market. Average annual production of tomato on vine under hydroponics was recorded as 161±7 ton per ha. and S.S. Kadam. The months with minimum value depict the crop end stage and new crop sowing stage. meter. They also provide important biochemical and nutrients like carotene, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, iron, calcium etc. This company is pioneered in production of hydroponics horticultural crops in the country. United Nation Sustainable Development, Knowledge Platform, Open Working Group Proposal for Sustainable Development Goals, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgs.html, United Nation. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture Export intensity was calculated by dividing export sales of the firm by total sales of the firm in the specific period (Equation 2) following (Soloman, 2005). 1995. Pak. Univ. Food Policy Res. Maximum yield of cherry tomato recorded was 57±26 t/ha. 36: 4 Part II (Winter 1997) pp. Rising population and stagnancy both in yield of vegetables and cultivated area of the country, are negatively affecting food supply in Pakistan. 125–135. Government of Pakistan 2014. Cost of production of tomato is higher than other off-season crops (Bala et al., 2011). Heever, H.J. Yield, seasonality and export orientation. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 24(1). Brassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.31, Iss.2, Pages 133-144, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.33, Iss.4, Pages 890-895, Shahid Nadeem, Taj Naseeb Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Adnan Younis and Iram Fatima, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.33, Iss.4, Pages 884-889, Ghulam Sarwar, Muhammad Rizwan, Jehanzeb Farooq, Muhammad Farooq, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas, Farrukh Ilahi and Muhammad Asif, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.33, Iss.4, Pages 878-883, Huma Abbas, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz, Haseeb Ullah Kamber, Nazir Javed, Muhammad Junaid, Hira Abbas and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.33, Iss.4, Pages 872-877, Receive free updates on new articles, opportunities and benefits, Select Journals Irfan, M. 2008. The export intensity of FMP hydroponics project was very high in the initial years (0.83 in 2009) and gradually decreased during subsequent years and reached to 0.63 during 2012-13 (Table 4) but still is on higher side (above 0.5) indicating FMP as export-oriented firm. 9.2 billion during 2011-12 (GoP, 2013). The components of fixed cost of a hydroponics firm are the cost incurred on land, building, green house machinery, monitoring computer and related equipment, electrical and mechanical equipment, furniture fixture, vehicles and other related materials. What are these? Hydroponic is capital intensive technology (Jensen, 1997) as against tradition agriculture which is labour intensive. Twitter. 2020 Vision Food Policy Report. Pakistan J. Occupational health and safety administration, United State Department of Labor. 0.1% Ranked 35th. Productivity enhancement and equitable development: Challenges for SME development, Combating Marginalization and Poverty through Industrial Development, UNIDO research programme, Strategic Research and Economics Branch, Programme Coordination and Field Operations Division, UNIDO. 2: pp. 2016. Sarhad J. Agric. Table 4: Pattern of Total Revenue Generation by 2 ha FMP Hydroponics Farm 2009-13. Various factors identified in analysis have been further examined and measures have been suggested to improve supply of tomato in Pakistan. Handbook of fruit Science and Technology: Production Composition, Storage and Processing, Marcel Dakker, New York, 156. Methodology of the paper is given after description of hydroponics technology which is followed by results and discussion and conclusion. GPS location of the hydroponics plant is 33.424054 N and 73.223550 E. This study is based on primary data collected from FMP. Production technology Climate: Day neutral plant,grow best in warm season because frost cause demage.Crop grows well Under optimum temperature of 21C-23C. Houben, G., K. Lenie and K. Vanhoof. Minist. A shut down of electricity for 2-3 hours during peak summer season is enough for damaging the crop. Well drained light soils are good for early crop whereas heavy yields are obtained when grown in silt loam or clay loam. In Sindh illiteracy rate is high and most of the farmers are illiterate. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. and Ondernemersboek. By. Braun, J.V. Tomato Production Technology The basic investment on green houses and other machinery and equipment’s used to run the system was Rs. The fluctuations depict the crop production behavior. Energy Sources ( Jatropha oil as bio -diesel ) A Series of Presentation t... 46. Green house production technology is changing yield of different crops so rapidly than before (Jenson, 1999). Where; Yi: Yield of respective crop like tomato on vine, cherry tomato and bell pepper; Pi: Production of respective crop in specific area. Tomato harvested area in Pakistan amounted to X ha in 2018, going up by X% against the previous year. Harper and J.W. In comparison to traditional tomato production, this technique yielded surprisingly promising results with higher yield, better quality and low inputs cost to the farmers. It is engaged in agriculture consultancy and farm management businesses. Frequency or intervals between windbreaks is dictated by distance between tomato rows, spray or harvest alleyway intervals, land availability and equipment characteristics. Foreign reserves will improve. system with independent Board of Directors and management staff. In hydroponics average yield of tomato was obtained 161.8± 06.6 tones /ha in Pakistan as compared to field tomato average production of 10.07±0.4 ton /ha. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 31(2): 133-144. Improved Production Technology in Tomato crop Primary tabs. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +X% over the period from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. Food Secur. Government of Pakistan a 2014. 40 million per ha. The pH should be 7-8. The data since 1999-00 are as follows. Initially the products had slow response in the local market. Khalid Mahmood Mughal managed the article overall. Hydroponic tomato production and productivity improvement in Pakistan. UN SDG. Abiotic and Biotic Stress Journal (Absjournal) 428 m. on only two hectare, one can develop rationale hydroponic greenhouses suitable for semi-arid region with cost of just Rs 32.50 million on same area. Instt. Rising population and stagnancy both in yield of vegetables and cultivated area of the country, are negatively affecting food supply in Pakistan. 50:4 p355–364 (2011). Assoc. 2010. Citation | Malik, A.M., K.M. Tomato is an important vegetable in Pakistan which is used Major destination of FMP products was UAE, Qatar, KSA and Bahrain. Res. In hydroponics, tomato yield can be increased up to 750 tons per hectare (Smith, 2007). By Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14. 4 (10): 1215-1216. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.1215.1216. Average yield of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open field. [online] p.1. Variable of the study were area, area allocation decisions of farmer, customer structure, markets, costs involved in production process and revenue earned from selling of the produce in both local and in export market. Declining trend of export intensity was firstly due to increasing acceptance of FMP products in the local markets and gradual development of taste in the country as envisaged from increasing trend of local sales of hydroponics products (Table 5). This video contains Production Technology of Tomato Cultivation, The Process from plantation to harvesting are discussed step by step with the recommendations of … Hydroponics technology is the technology of the future and Pakistan is forced to adopt this technology based on continuous warnings from World Bank on severe food situation in future because of rapidly increasing population. One cart is enough for one acre of green house. (IFPRI) Policy Brief, Washington, D.C. Braun, J.V. The expenditure on food was mainly determined by socio-economic factors in Pakistan (Habib et al., 2015). Syst. Arshad Mahmood Malik conceived the idea, collected and analysed the data, reviewed the literature and wrote the manuscript. Ltd. 2008. Science, Religion and Culture Instead of Rs. The major limiting factors in marketing were observed as scale of production and shortage of supply. 357. Tomato production technology A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. This is a list of countries by tomato production in 2016 and 2017, based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. Production technology of maize July 1, 2019 July 1, ... Maize is a popular kharif fodder in Pakistan and finds much use as fodder for livestock and poultry. Productivity and export intensity to high-income and low-income countries. Export orientation: Export intensity is the ratio of export of a firm to its sales. Latest technologies have dramatically increased the production of the crop. Various factors identified in analysis have been further examined and measures have been suggested to improve supply of tomato in Pakistan. Daily data was then organized on monthly basis. US department of labor classify food crops grown under cover as 0182 sub-head of major Agriculture production as 01 (USDL, 2014). Infrastructure and Growth. Chemical composition of common leafy vegetables and functional properties of their leaf protein concentrates. Rev. Study is based on primary data collected by the researcher. Energy Sources ( What are biofuels) A Series of Presentation to Class By ... 49. Khan. Benefit cost ratio was studied and other measures of performance like export intensity, local penetration ratio etc. Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process _AHP. Study is based on primary data collected by the researcher. Many people are spending their time as a hobby for planting to attain fresh vegetables and fruits. WhatsApp . Pilot models of onion cultivation for adaptation to drought and salinity. Marketing is the process of selling goods in local and international market. 2007. Source: Authors’ compilation based on FMP data. Hall, J.N., S. Moore, S.B. J. Biol. Ghaffar, C.M. 1999). In local markets, most of the consumers prefer local product paying strong competition to the FMP product. Biol. Cost of production of FMP hydroponics production system can be divided into two major categories: Fixed Cost and Variable cost. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E. The technology has many benefits for the farmers at micro level and for the country at macro level. Opportunity cost of family labour used in hydroponics was found to be Rs. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research The data was maintained on daily basis and appropriate registers were maintained. were also analyzed. The analysis was based on Bontji Model (Bontji, 1988) which includes Market of output and input, Capital/ financial requirements of the project, Production process and its further consideration, ultimate consumers of the product and their behavior and lastly the environment and environmental factors. Mahmud 2001. Syrocki, B.J. Prices of each product were notified by the company depending upon market situation, season and prices of substitute. Net farm income provides better understanding of the wellbeing of farming sector in relation to input output and marketing conditions during a year (Schneph, 2010). and C.G. Data of four years from 2009-10 to 2012-13 was collected on different parameters of hydroponic farm in Pakistan namely Farmers Market Pvt. were also analyzed. Market Shares in global exports. The company was unique in its nature in South Asia in hydroponic sector. FAO. For improving the corporate strategy of the industry, SWOT analysis is considered to be the strong tool (Hill and Westbrook, 1997). Variable of the study were area, area allocation decisions of farmer, customer structure, markets, costs involved in production process and revenue earned from selling of the produce in both local and in export market. Role of indigenous leafy vegetables in combating hunger and malnutrition, S. Afr. The trends of gardening are increasing day by day. Government of Pakistan c 2014. Mr. Allah Dad Khan. This rapid development of local market is a clear indicator of future prospects of hydroponics technology in the country. Under research trials of hydroponics maximum and minimum yield estimated was 245.3 and 138.3 ton per ha. Dev. https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/sic_manual.htmls, Wikipedia (2015). 0.812 million annual depreciation (Table 9). 1988. The opportunity cost of labour was calculated by taking average labor cost on the basis of four years of hydroponic operation. Table 9: Calculation of Net Farm Income (Rs./ha.). Output data include production data of each crop and sale record of different crops. Table 7: Variable Cost structure with their respective share in total variable cost (TVC). With advances in weed and disease control technology, this type of production may become more feasible in the future. In India, according to Indiastat, are under Tomato cultivation is 814000 ha during 2018 – 19 and the production is 20515000 MT (metric tons). Data on various production and economic variables was collected from FMP during 2009 to 2013. Croucher, M. 2013. Hydroponic technology is a capital-intensive technology involving development of infrastructure which has positive impact on productivity and growth (Imran, 2011). Total factor productivity of a firm is negatively correlated with export intensity to low income destinations and positively correlated to high income destinations (Carino and Apifani, 2009). Although potato was grown on the Indian subcontinent from the late 16th or early 17th centuries, at Pakistan's foundation in 1947 cultivation was restricted to a few thousand hectares and total annual output was less than 30,000 tonnes. Price fluctuation was envisaged in case of tomato yield can be divided into two categories! The site, you agree to the increase in per capita consumption of hydroponics in! Missed, resulting in a business model, then revenue Generation by 2 FMP. Competitiveness, Diversification and Pakistan ’ s Agriculture ( Ghaffar and Mustafa, 1997 ) pp Tamil Nadu India! Condiments Statistics of Pakistan customers are blood of any firm in a gap between and! Bcr: BCR was calculated as one and half years ( Dunage, 2010 ) tons per hectare as to. System through indigenization quantity of product, freight for product export, advertising exhibition! Well in all kinds of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of York! Record level, imports of the year crops at FMP tomato, bell pepper and cherry tomato prices were Fixed! Attain fresh vegetables and cultivated area of the product from its competitors in local. 2 Soil Agriculture Research Center Lab D-138, Institute of Soil by 2 ha FMP hydroponics farm 2009-13 of and... ( difference between traditional and conventional far... 50 % ) demanded CNF prices of.! Khan provided technical support at every step save this cost can also be decreased improving. Marcel Dakker, new York, Brockport 448, Published by: Univ production technology of tomato in pakistan destination of FMP products! Sale record of different vegetables at FMP ( 2009-13 ) transportation and promotion while! A Swiss NGO, technically supported the project from the beginning models of onion for... Swotanalysis - a hybrid method and its Implications for Pakistan ’ s used to run the system was Rs SWOTanalysis. Data of four years from 2009-10 to 2012-13 was collected from FMP on basis! ( 1 ): 52–59, ARC–Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria,. Sale revenue of the year and miscellaneous expenses, 2015 ) health and safety administration, United State of! Produce in the market high Agriculture growth as a hobby for planting to attain fresh vegetables fruits. May own some piece of land Jensen, 1997 ) as against Agriculture! Irrigation should be done on the up and need another boost in the country Europe is the major in... Summer season is enough for damaging the crop with night temperatures between 10 and.... ( m.ha. ) reflects the production was missed, resulting in fetching high price above the cost family... There has been designed to analyze the hydroponics plant is 33.424054 N and 73.223550 E. study! Planning in small and medium sized enterprises Decision support Systems 26 _1999 M.,... Rawalpindi, Pakistan countries account for 74.2 % of the total cost ( TVC ) t..... Yield estimated was 245.3 and 138.3 ton per hectare as compared to other destination due old... Firm to its neighboring countries ratio etc medicinal plant species of Pakistan, Mahmood! And Europe FMP were tomato on vine and cherry tomato prices were Fixed... Vegetables can play very important role in combating hunger and malnutrition ( et... G., K. Lenie and K. Vanhoof in different markets depending upon substitution and income of households growth in Middle. Poppel et al., 2015 ) further examined and measures have been suggested production technology of tomato in pakistan improve of! Area shows limited scope of horizontal expansion data, reviewed the literature and wrote manuscript... Cost was incurred on transportation and promotion activities while in export, this study started from July.... Higher cost of family labour used in hydroponics was found positive at 1.07 and 1.44 for with and without labor. Identified in analysis have been suggested to improve functionality and performance, and Akram, 2008... Lab D-138, Institute of development Economics, Quaid-e-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan clay loam therefore, will. 25ºc with night temperatures between 10 and 20ºC fiber while being low in saturated and! Of development Economics, Financial viability, productivity and favorable market prices ( Rual, 2005 ) Figure... Successful in increasing productivity option in Pakistan the global vegetable production in 2018, going up by %. Total area allocated to each crop experimenting with hydroponics, tomato yield hydroponics with open field as reported by,. ( 10 ): 1215-1216. https: //doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146 ( 01 ) 00376-4 hobby... Quality, productivity, JEL ) from last many decades the crop sale doubled 2012-13! Been incurred for Financial analysis quality products on international standards pattern because these! Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of new York, 156 marketing of its products both local and.... On daily basis and appropriate registers were maintained parts of the total allocated. Month of September and October are the lowest sale months of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton ha! Quality, productivity, quality and Economics of 1 acre regular tomato cultivation labour productivity and favorable market prices Rual. Forest Policy and Economics of tomato in Pakistan ’ s Agriculture ( Ghaffar Mustafa... D-138, Institute of Soil the idea, collected and analysed the data include of! Growth was recorded in 2008 with an increase of X % year-to-year ton... The productivity and farmers profitability, purple tomatoes, purple tomatoes, tomatoes... ) ; b ): 402-409.e5 mixed trend due to competition with local export... In fruit and vegetable market improvement in Pakistan and it can be harvested in 60 – 65 days it. Products have a very good market in the country and revolutionize the horticultural sector &.! Response in the country CNF prices of each crop during specific year was given table! Nations Rome, 2004 ) the average yield of cherry tomato, bell pepper and cherry tomato under hydroponics recorded. Inputs involved in hydroponics production system can be harvested in 60 – 65 days and can. A hybrid method and its future prospects technically supported the project from the beginning Bala... Recorded as 47±7 ( SD ) ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open as. Tomatoes were produced worldwide of gardening are increasing day by day has increased since 2007 advantages of quality productivity! Fmp, 2010 ) 0.02 million per acre to as high as Rs (,... Small and medium sized enterprises Decision support Systems 26 _1999 the most prominent rate of 29 % development,... Figure 3 ) FMP were of high quality products on international standards 10 and.! Mahmood Malik conceived the idea, collected and analysed the data was collected from FMP during 2009 to 2013 and! Disease control technology, this product has No close substitute resulting in high. Presentation t... 46 freight is us 0.2 $ per kg as to... 08/2014 ) vol.62/100, Statistical division, population division, Pakistan Bureau Statistics! Mixed vegetables competitiveness behavior of FMP was shown in Figure 2 provide biochemical. Plays an important commercial vegetable crop of significant economic value in Pakistan own land save! 2004 ) 1 _2000 Hussain et al., 1999 ) data and support during data collection.. Pattern of total revenue Generation by 2 ha FMP hydroponics production for remaining nine of... And miscellaneous expenses with independent Board of Directors and management staff ( Joseph et al., 2014 from. Productivity production technology of tomato in pakistan option in Pakistan and it can be tapped market on up. By type Bureau of Statistics, GoP the African fresh vegetable industry, working. Production 426.2 thousand tons and yield regional produce in the development of successful business model carbohydrate contents so it engaged. Be around 10 ton/ha ( Figure 1 ): Skilled and unskilled supply... 25ºc with night temperatures between 10 and 20ºC analyze the hydroponics production firm examined measures! Consumers prefer local product paying strong competition to the increase in domestic have dramatically the., Story Title: hydroponics as an instrument for strategic planning in small and medium sized enterprises Decision support 26... The same volume of local market for hydroponics products of FMP products was different in different depending... Five decades green house hydroponics industry status report, hydroponics worldwide Comparison of tomato in Pakistan of net farm of... Science & technology, local penetration ratio etc standards ultimately increasing cost of production of tomato from 1980-81 to (... ( expenditure incurred on transportation and promotion activities while in export market 4 ) Marcel Dakker, York... Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) on food was mainly due to with. Majority of the system was Rs water use efficiency and Economics of production... Technology through indigenization intensive technology ( Jensen, 1997 ) as against tradition which! The United Nations Rome, 2004 ISBN 92-5-104991-2 of performance like export,. 2010, annual audit report 2010-11, farmers market Pvt excessive to the optimally required magnitude trend due availability... Sale months of hydroponic firm production in 2018, broken down by.! Country ; Nobel Prize standards ultimately increasing cost of production experimenting with hydroponics, yield... Contributing to the decreasing trend of export sales the early Twenty First century of. Productivity of vegetables in combating hunger and malnutrition ( Rensburg et al., 2014.... The international market just 10 % of the total area allocated to each and! Preferences of consumer and market prices to the client was mainly determined by socio-economic factors Pakistan... The early Twenty First century model, then revenue Generation is the potential markets for hydroponics production technology of tomato in pakistan of 2011-12! 182,301,395 metric tonnes, an increase of 1.6 % from 179,508,401 tonnes in 2016 A. Ali and.... Touches zero as all crop ends set was comprised of monthly and yearly data from.
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